General Index

455 general iNDEX Illustrations are denoted by page numbers in italics AS A nglo-Saxon BA Bronze Age EIA E arly Iron Age IA I ron Age LBA L ate Bronze Age LIA L ate Iron Age MBA Middle Bronze Age RB R omano-British WWI World War I WWII World War II Ackolte, Thomas de 195 Acol, barrows 290, 307, 311 Addington Long Barrow 339, 341, 342, 343, 344, 346, 347 Adisham, barrows 307 Adye, Peter 130 adze, Mesolithic 362 agriculture (farming) Ash 381 Canterbury 355, 356 Downs 36 Kingsborough, LBA/EIA 93, 100 Monkton 358 Ramsgate, BA 336-7 Sevenoaks area 36-7, 42-3, 45, 47 aircraft debris, WWII 186 air defence, 20th-century 9-11, 13-14, 19, 20 air raid shelters 16-17, 17, 25-6 air raid warden posts 15, 16, 29 Albrincis, William de 195 Alchin, Thomas, miller 230 Aldridge, Neil, ‘Investigations at a prehistoric, Romano-British and early medieval site at Little New House Farm, Headcorn’ 173-90 Alford, Fanny (Frances) 248, 249 Alford, Henry, Dean of Canterbury 247-58 Allhallows, Shakespeare Pit 354 amber see beads Amherst, Jeffrey 37, 46 Anderida 293 Anderson, Trevor see Moody, Gerald Andrews, Dury and Herbert, map (1769) 231, 232 Andrus, Francis Sedley, obituary 436 Anglicus, Johannes 73 Anglo-Saxon/Saxon period Ashford 377, 378 barrows and ring ditches 279, 283-4, 296, 303, 309 Canterbury, pit 356 Deptford area, inhumations 261 feasting utensil 356 Holmesdale, settlements 40 Minster, settlements 86 Monkton 358 Ringlemere, inhumations 363 settlement evidence 386-7 Shrubsoles Hill, settlement 85 see also Kingsborough Manor; pottery; sunken-featured buildings animal bone cattle horn cores 382 horse 355 sheep/goat 177, 336 sites Ashford 376, 378 Canterbury 69, 70, 356 Dover 198, 199, 203 Greenwich 366 Headcorn 176, 179 Kingsborough 88, 89 Medway megaliths 348 Ramsgate 164 Tonbridge 376 Appledore, on Gough map 388, 389, 390, 391, 392 aqueduct, Leybourne Stream watermill 225, 229, 236, 239-43, 244 Archaeology South-East 86, 382 archbishop’s palaces, on Gough map 392, 393, 394 Ash Puma Power Plant 379-82 workhouse 381 GENERAL INDEX 456 non-funerary mounds 281-2, 283, 303-5 pond- 279 population 294-6, 297 radiocarbon dating 283, 284, 298 Shrubsoles Hill 85 skeletal material 295 types of enclosures 281-3 Bayle, John 120 beads BA, amber spacer 90, 100 AS 363 Beaker period 293, 296, 358, 359; see also pottery Bean 22 Bekesbourne, barrows 307, 312 Belgic tribes 187 Benenden 174 Berg, Mary, and Howard Jones, Norman Churches in the Canterbury Diocese, reviewed 403-4 Betsham 9, 10 Betteshanger, barrows 309 Beult river 174, 385-7, 389 Bewl river 385-7 Birchington, barrows 288, 306, 307, 310, 311, 312 bird bone 356 Bishopsbourne, barrows 308 Black Charles manor 41 Blackhall manor 41 blacksmithing waste 200, 203 Blue Bell Hill, megaliths 339, 340, 342, 347 Boclande, Robert de 196 Bodiam (Sussex) 174 Borstal 10 Bough Beech reservoir 57 Bourne, Henry 121 Bourne, John/James 122 Boys Hall, Sevington 378 Brad tributary 39, 40 Bradbourne 42, 51, 53, 56, 58 Brasted 53 Brasted Chart 45 Breeze, Andrew, note on the Celts and the River Beult 385-7 The Brent 9 brewing and breweries Ash, brewery 381-2 Minster in Thanet 331 Ashbee, Andrew, Snodland and District through Time, reviewed 419-20 Ashbee, Paul, obituary 433-6 Ashenbank Wood, Cobham 19, 29 Ashford cattle market 47 Foster Road 376-9 on Gough map 388, 389, 390, 391, 392 Willesborough 372-3 Atlas Wharf, BA wooden structures 261 Aubry, Bruce, William Cuffay Medway’s Black Chartist, reviewed 410-12 Austin, Rupert, and Sheila Sweetinburgh, ‘“My painted chamber” and other rooms: Stephen Hulkes and the history of Calico House, Newnham’ 105-45 axes, BA 261, 271 Ayleswade 187 Bacchus, David, ‘The medieval origins of Phelip’s Lodge, Rochester, and its later development’ 207-24 Barber, M.J., A Man of Many Parts. Professor or Bishop? The Life of Edward Nares 1762-1841, reviewed 420 Barham, barrows 308 Barker-Benfield, B.C. (ed.), St Augustine’s Abbey, Canterbury, Corpus of British Medieval Library Catalogues 13, reviewed 401-2 barrow cemeteries 284-6, 287, 288, 291-2, 294, 297 super cemeteries 286, 289, 289 barrow groups 284-6, 287, 288, 291-2 barrows Anglo-Saxon/Saxon 279, 283-4, 296, 309 disc- or saucer- 279 disposal of the dead 168-9 distribution patterns of round barrows 277-313 henge- (henge-type monuments) 281, 283, 297, 299-301 labour involved in cutting ring ditches 297-8 Monkton, Neolithic/BA 358 Neolithic 279, 283, 358 GENERAL INDEX 457 brewing and breweries (cont.) Newnham, brew house 130, 137 Sevenoaks 47, 50, 52 brickearth 38 bricks and brickmaking carved panels 124, 125 Greenwich 366 Rochester, inscribed 215, 217, 221 Roman 326, 330 Sevenoaks area 38-9, 42, 47, 48, 57 Bridge, cremation urns 161, 162, 303 Brigges, Christopher 131 Brindley, James 244, 245 Broadstairs, barrows 169, 280, 288, 301, 303, 304, 305, 306-7 Brompton Mid Kent College and Lower Lines 363 Sally port, Royal School of Military Engineering 364 Bronze Age (Early, Middle, Late) Ash 380 Ashford 376, 377, 378 axes 261, 271 Brompton 364 Dartford 382 Deptford, Deals Gateway site 259- 75 distribution patterns of round barrows 277-313 Dover 371 Greenwich Wharf, peat deposits 366 Lynsted, settlement 363 Minster 86 Monkton 358, 359 Otford, burial ground 40 palstaves, MBA 85, 183, 358 population 293-6, 297 Shrubsoles Hill 85 Sutton, single farmsteads 293 trackways 261, 337 Willesborough 372 see also barrows; burnt flint mound; cremation burials; Deptford; flint; Kingsborough Manor; pottery brooches, AS 363 Brooke, Francis 231 Brooksend, barrows 290, 306 Bucklands, Dover, barrow 280, 303 building materials, Sevenoaks area 36, 37-9, 42, 45 burials beaker 281, 358 crouched 281, 283, 358 Roman 261, 355 AS/Saxon 261 Monkton 358 Ringlemere 363 Dartford, 7th-8th century 382 Maidstone 370 see also cemeteries; cremation burials burnt flint mound, MBA 261, 263, 271-2 charcoal 269-71 radiocarbon dating 263, 265, 268-9, 272 struck flint 261, 263, 267, 271 Bushel, John 381 Bynnee 393 Caen stone, cresset lamps 197, 198, 200-1 Camden, Lord (Marquess) 43 Canterbury prehistoric 355, 356 Roman 68-9 shrine/mausoleum 355 town wall 357 Anglo-Saxon 69, 356 medieval 69-71, 355, 356, 357 post-medieval 71-2, 356, 357 animal bone 69, 70, 356 Augustine House, Rhodaus Town 355-6 Barton Mill 230 Becket’s shrine 389 Cathedral music 251-3 restoration 255-6 Christ Church Priory 355-6 Christ Church University Sports Centre 356 Church Lane 357 on Gough map 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393 Kings School, St Augustine’s Abbey 356-7 Longport conduit 356 Old Dover Road 355 quadrans novus 65-82 St Mary’s Church, Northgate 357 No.1 Westgate Grove 357 Wymer archive 354 GENERAL INDEX 458 Canterbury Archaeological Trust 105, 191, 225, 355-6 Castle Hill see Folkestone castles, on Gough map 392-3 causewayed enclosures, Neolithic see Kingsborough Manor cemeteries BA burial ground 40 IA , inhumations 358 RB, cremations 337 AS Cliffs End 96 Minster 86 medieval, Maidstone 370 post-medieval, Canterbury 357 see also barrow cemeteries Chadborne, William, vicar 119 Charing, on Gough map 388, 390, 391, 392, 393 charters, Dover 194-5 Chartland 36, 40, 41, 42-3, 45 Chatham Dockyard 45, 363 Chaucer, Geoffrey 78 Cheney, Sir Thomas 121 Chestnuts chamber 339, 341, 342-3, 343, 344, 346, 347, 348 Chevening 36, 42 Chevening Park (Place) 43, 46 Chiddingstone, Stonewall Park 354 Chipstead 51, 53 bridge 39, 41 Chipstead Lake 56, 57 Christian, Ewan, architect 255-6 Church of England, Victorian 247-58 churches and chapels Canterbury 356, 357 Maidstone, chapel 370 Sevenoaks area 40, 52 civil defences, Thameside 1-33 Claxfield Farm, Lynsted 363 clay tobacco pipes 197 Cliffe, decoy site 19 Cliffe Fort 6, 7, 10 Cliffs End Farm, nr Ramsgate 96 ‘clunch’ 37, 362, 370 Coalhouse Fort (Essex) 6, 7, 11, 21 Cobham Ashenbank Wood 19, 29 20th-century defences 9, 10, 13, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 25, 27, 29 Cobham Park, Cobham 368 Coffin Stone 339, 341, 342, 346, 346, 347 coin hoards, Roman 85 coins Roman 173, 175, 176, 178, 185, 186, 315, 329, 355 medieval 363 Coldrum Long Barrow 339, 341, 342, 343, 343, 346, 347, 348 Coldswood Farm, RB site 335, 337 Cold War, military and civil defences 3, 5, 26-8, 29 Connaught Barracks, Dover 371 corn driers (corn-drying ovens), Roman 330, 373 countermine galleries 363 Crampton, Thomas 50 Crayford 10, 20, 354 Cray river 25 cremation burials Neolithic, Medway megaliths 343 BA Deptford, LBA 262, 263-4, 265, 267-71, 273 Kingsborough 85, 90, 92, 99, 100 Monkton 358 Ramsgate, LBA 147-72 ring ditches 281, 283 IA and RB Deptford area 261 Headcorn cemeteries 175, 179, 180, 181 Kingsborough 85, 93, 96 Monkton 358 cresset lamps, Caen stone 197, 198, 200-1 Crow, Edward, Faversham, A New History. Historical gleanings relative to the town of Faversham and parishes adjoining, reviewed 412- 14 currency bar, LIA 85 Dane Valley, barrows 290 Darent river 24, 25, 36, 39, 40, 41, 43, 57 crossings 39, 40, 41, 389, 391 Darenth 15, 25 Dartford air-raid shelters 14 East and West Hills 7, 9, 17 GENERAL INDEX 459 Dartford (cont.) on Gough map 388, 389, 390, 391, 392 Holy Trinity School, excavation 382- 3 Lowfield Street drill hall 8 military and civil defences 1-33 Overy Street 15 Vickers Factory 12, 19 Wymer’s notebook 354 Dartford Heath 12, 19, 20, 27, 29 Davington, church 118 Davington Priory, Benedictine nunnery 118, 119-20, 121, 122 decontamination facilities 15, 16, 29 deer park 42 Defence of Kent Project 1 Dekker, Elly see Linklater, Andrew Delaune, Col. William 139 Denne, Walter de 196 Denton, gun batteries 13, 14, 20 Deptford, Deals Gateway, BA features 259-75 MBA burnt flint mound 261, 263, 271-2 charcoal 269-71 radiocarbon dating 263, 265, 268- 9, 272 LBA cremation burial 262, 263-4, 271, 273 charcoal 269-71 human bone 267-8 radiocarbon dating 263-4, 265, 268-9 axes 261, 271 gravel islands 261, 263, 264, 273 peat-filled channel 262, 265-6, 268- 9, 273 peat formation, Roman 269, 273 plant remains 262 pollen 262-3, 262, 269, 273 postholes 263, 267, 269, 270 pottery 266-7 radiocarbon dating 263-4, 265, 267, 268-9, 272, 273 Deptford Bridge 261 Deptford Creek, mills 261 Dickens, Charles 66, 385, 386 Domesday Leybourne mill 230 Ship Service 194 Douces Manor 231 Dour valley 293 Dover Castle 191, 192, 193, 194, 202, 203 Castle Hill Road 193-4 charters 194-5 Connaught Barracks 371 20th-century defences 2 on Gough map 388, 390, 391, 392 Laureston Place, Castle Hill 191-205 animal bone 198, 199, 203 blacksmithing waste 200, 203 boundary ditch (undated) 197, 202 Caen stone cresset lamps 197, 198, 200-1 clay pipes 197 fish bone 198, 203 iron key, medieval 198, 199, 200 iron slag 198, 200 marine shell 198, 199, 203 peg-tiles 197 pits 198-9, 202-3 plant remains 198 pottery 197, 198, 199, 202, 203 prehistoric flint 199 smoothing stone 201-2 terraces 199, 202 liberty 194-5 mill 195 Priory 195, 196 St James’s church 196, 202 St Martin’s church 196 Townwall Street 199, 201 Upmarket (and ward) 193, 194, 203 wards 194-5, 196, 197 see also Bucklands; Ringwould Draper, Gillian, Rye: A History of a Sussex Cinque Port to 1660, reviewed 398-400 Draper, Gillian, and Frank Meddens, The Sea and the Marsh. The medieval Cinque Port of New Romney revealed through archaeological excavations and historical research, reviewed 397-8 droveways 95, 188, 358, 376 the Chartland 40, 41 Dry Hill quarry 38 Dumpton Down, barrows 298 Dumpton Gap, Broadstairs, barrow 280, 304 GENERAL INDEX 460 ‘Dunstrete’ 289 Dunton Green 55, 56, 56, 57, 58 eagle and the sun 78 East Kent (Thanet) Access Project 368-9 East Tilbury 7 Eastry, barrows 308, 312 Ebbsfleet stream 16 Elmeston, Erasmus 131 Elmley island 390, 391 Erith 354 Green Level Pumping Station 365 Express Wharf 261 Eynsford 40 Eythorne, barrows 312 farm buildings, Cobham 368 farmsteads BA 293 Roman 373, 381 Farningham 7, 15, 354 Faversham Abbey (and abbot) 118, 120 on Gough map 388, 390, 391, 392 Fawkham 354 feasting utensil, copper alloy, AS 356 Fellows, Revd Edward 252 fibula, bronze, Roman 187, 189 field systems late prehistoric-RB 34, 85, 93, 337 Monkton, LBA 358 medieval, Ashford 378 Fiennes, Celia 41 Finglesham, barrows 308, 312 fire insurance wall mark 221, 223 fired clay 95, 176, 177, 178 fish bone 198, 203, 356 flax 99 flint (worked, struck) Middle Palaeolithic 362 Mesolithic 183, 379 Neolithic 88, 89-90 Neolithic-BA 261, 263, 267, 271 Late Neolithic/EBA 334 BA 183, 379 LBA 334, 336 mining and preparation 379 prehistoric 183, 197, 199, 355, 356 Tonbridge 376 Willesborough 373 see also burnt flint mound flint, as building material 37, 45 Foche, William 196 Folkestone, Castle Hill, barrows 280, 302 Fordwich 354 Foreness Point, barrows 290 Fort Halstead 54, 56, 57 four-post structures, IA 93, 95, 99 Frindsbury 354 Frittenden Church 187 fuelBA 269 Roman 331 fuel ash slag 95 Fylkes, John 120 Gardner, William 381 gavelkind 42 GHQ Stop Line 21-4, 22, 29 Gillingham 354 glass, RB 96 Gough, Richard, map 387-95 Grain 7 island on Gough map 390, 391 granaries 95 gravel extraction 38, 57 Gravesend air-raid shelters 14 airfield 13, 14, 19, 20, 25, 26, 29 20th-century civil and military defence 8, 9, 15, 16, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 29 control centres 27, 28 on Gough map 388, 389, 390, 391, 392 Grange Road 12 Harmer Street 15 King’s Farm 16 Milton Barracks 8, 11, 12, 25, 27 Milton Road drill hall 8 Old Road West 17 Whitehall Place 11 Windmill Hill 9 Gravesham, military and civil defences 1-33 Greatness(e) 42 brickworks 39 council houses and cemetery 53, 55 mill and pond 40, 47, 53 road 46 Green Street Green 19, 20, 27, 29 GENERAL INDEX 461 Greenhithe 20th-century defence 15, 22, 27 Knockhall 15 Stone Castle Pit 354 Greenwich, National Maritime Museum 365-6 Greenwich Market, Greenwich Church Street 367 Greenwich Wharf 366-7 Grover, Daniel 47-8 Guzzlebrook 40 Hake, Robert 252, 256 Halfway House 85 Halstead 45 hammerscale 198, 200, 376 Hammond, Stephen, ‘Bronze Age features, including a burnt mound, at Deals Gateway (former Deptford Pumping Station), Deptford’ 259- 75 Hann, Andrew, The Medway Valley: a Kent landscape transformed, reviewed 406-8 Hartley, searchlight 10 Hartsland 38, 39 Harty church 118 island on Gough map 390, 391 Hasted, Edward (1798 map) 43, 44, 45, 116, 231 Hawley, James 231, 245 hazelnut shells 89, 98 Headcorn, Little New House Farm site 173-90 early prehistoric 173, 187 prehistoric, lithic material 183 MBA palstave 183 Iron Age ditch 178, 187 pottery 178, 179, 181 round-house 175, 178, 181, 182, 187 Roman/RB 173, 174, 174, 176, 181, 186, 187 cremation cemetery 175, 179, 180, 181 human bone, cremated 176, 179, 181, 188-90 iron slag and ironworking 176, 181, 186, 187 military belt plate 178, 183-4, 183, 187 pottery 176, 177, 178, 179, 181, 186-7, 188-9 structures 177-8, 179 stud 184-5, 185 weights 176, 186-7 medieval 175, 179 WWII aircraft debris 186 animal bone 176, 177, 179 burnt clay 178-9 fired clay (ovens/kilns?) 176, 177, 178 hearths BA 376, 378 medieval 371, 373 hemp and hemp barns 195 henge monuments (henge-barrows) 281, 283, 297, 299-301 Herne Bay 354 Herries family 43, 45 Higham, 20th-century defences 3, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, 22, 24, 24, 25 hill fort, IA 40 Hillingdon, Lord 53 Hitchings, Guy, Speldhurst Church: its story and its windows, reviewed 418-19 Hogben, Brian M., ‘Henry Alford, Dean of Canterbury (1857-71), and the Victorian Church of England’ 247- 58 Holborough, barrows 280, 300 Hollins Bottom, barrows 290 Holmesdale, Vale of 36, 38, 40, 42-3, 45 Holocene landscape 369 Home Guard 21, 24-5, 27, 28 Honor Oak Park Sports Ground, Lewisham 367-8 Honywood, Fraser 231 hook, iron 177 hop growing 130 Horns Cross 13 hospitals Dartford, medieval leper 382 Maidstone 370 Sevenoaks 52-3 Hulkes, Elizabeth 135-6 Hulkes (Hulse) family 105, 135, 136, 139; see also Hulse GENERAL INDEX 462 Hulkes, Johan, wife of Stephen 124, 131, 135 Hulkes, John 128, 131, 133, 135, 139 Hulkes, Stephen 105-6, 116, 122-31 Hulkes, Stephen (?son) 128 Hulkes, Thomas 128, 131, 135, 139 Hulse, Charles 136, 139 Hulse, Edward 139 Hulse, Elizabeth 137, 138 Hulse, John (d.1682) 133-4, 136-9 Hulse, John (d.1713; son of Nathaniel) 136, 138 Hulse, John (son of Charles) 136 Hulse, Nathaniel 136, 138, 139 Hulse, Strensham 139 human skeletal remains Neolithic megaliths 342, 343, 348 BA barrows 295 LBA cremation, Ramsgate 147, 149, 153, 154-5, 157, 158, 160, 162- 9 Roman, cremated 176, 179, 181, 188-90 Swanscombe skull 350, 351, 354 Hythe, on Gough map 388, 390, 391, 392 Ightham 354 Iron Age Ash 380 Ashford 376, 377, 378 Aylesford, cemetery 340 Brompton 364 currency bar 85 Dartford 382 Deptford area, pit 261 Monkton, settlement and cemetery 358 Otford hill fort 40 Shrubsoles Hill, settlement 85 West Cliff, Ramsgate 170 Willesborough 373 see also Headcorn; Kingsborough Manor; pottery iron-pan concretion (iron deposits) 174-5, 187 iron slag MIA 95 RB 176, 181, 187 medieval 198, 200 iron smelting 175, 181 ironworking MIA 95 RB/Roman, Headcorn 173, 174, 185, 186, 187 Roman, Swanscombe 373 Isidore of Seville 78 Jones, Thomas Evance, organist 252 Joyce Green, airfield 9, 10 Kemsing 36, 51 Kent Archaeological Society 105 Kettleswell, droveway 40 key, medieval, iron 198, 199, 200 Killick, Sian, note on the Neolithic landscape and experience: the Medway megaliths 339-49 Killingray, David, ‘Influences shaping the human landscape of the Sevenoaks area since c.1600’ 35-64 kiln, pottery 71-2; see also under Minster in Thanet, Abbey Farm Roman villa Kimpton (Hants), BA vessel 161, 162 Kingsborough Manor, Isle of Sheppey 83-103 Neolithic causewayed enclosures 85, 86, 87, 88-90, 93, 96, 98, 100 plant remains 98 pottery 88, 89, 92, 98 radiocarbon dating 89 stone axe 89 Bronze Age 90-3, 91, 100 cremation cemeteries 90, 92, 99, 100 plant remains 99 pottery 90, 92, 93, 95, 100 radiocarbon dating 90, 92 Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age 93 Iron Age 93-5, 94 cremation/pyre deposit 93, 99 enclosures 93, 95 four-post structures 93, 95, 99 pottery 93, 95 radiocarbon dating 93 Middle Iron Age droveway 95 ironworking and iron slag 95 nine-post structure 95 Romano-British 94, 95-6 cremations 96 GENERAL INDEX 463 Kingsborough Manor, Sheppey Romano-British (cont.) droveways 95 field system 95 glass bottle 96 plant remains 99 pottery 95, 96 Roman coin hoard 85 Anglo-Saxon 96, 97 pottery 95, 96 radiocarbon dating 96 shellfish dump 96 sunken-featured building 96, 100 medieval and later 97, 98, 100 field system 98 plant remains 99 pottery 98 animal bone 88, 89 charcoal 98, 99 plant remains and pollen 98-9 radiocarbon dating 89, 90, 92, 93, 96 Kingston, barrows 308 Kippington 42, 43, 51, 52, 55, 56 Kits Coty House 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 345, 346, 347 Knockholt 46 Knole great house 37, 42, 52 manor 41 Knole Paddock 57 Knole Park 42, 52, 53, 55, 56, 60 Lambard[e], Thomas 42, 46 lamps see cresset lamps land drains, post-medieval 382 Langdon, barrows 309, 312 Lavender, Thomas, miller 231 Lawson, Terence, note on the details of Kent shown on the Gough map 387-95 Leeds castle/priory, on Gough map 388, 389, 391, 392 Len tributary 389 Lewisham, Honor Oak Park Sports Ground 367-8 Leybourne Grange 230 Leybourne Manor 230 Leybourne Stream watermill 225-46 aqueduct 225, 229, 236, 239-43, 244 leats and ditches 225, 235, 239, 243, 244, 245 mill pond 225, 230, 231, 233, 244, 245 wheel 233-5, 245 Leysdown, coin hoard 85 Lillechurch 24 lime works 37 Linklater, Andrew, and Elly Dekker, ‘The discovery of a quadrans novus at the House of Agnes, St Dunstan’s Street, Canterbury’ 65-82 linseed 99 Little Farningham 174 Little Kits Coty 339, 341, 342, 343, 345, 347 Littlebrook 5 Livesey, Gabriel 122, 128 Lodge Hill naval ammunition stores 9 London Abbey of St Mary Graces 230 Quebec Chapel 250, 252 St Botolph’s without Bishopsgate 43 London Air Defence Area 9, 12 London Defence Positions 7 long house, Neolithic 347 Longfield 25 Longford, bridge 39, 41 Longford Mill 53 Longhurst, William, organist 252 loom weight, BA 363 Lord of the Manor, Ramsgate, barrows 280, 281, 297, 299-304, 310 Lovelace, William, lawyer 121 Lower Greensand 36 Luddesdown 14, 19 Lullingstone Roman Villa, Eynsford 40, 364 Lynsted, Claxfield Farm 363 MacDougall, Philip (ed.), Chatham Dockyard, 1815-1865. The industrial transformation, reviewed 414- 15 Macpherson-Grant, Nigel see Moody, Gerald Maidstone on Gough map 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393 St Peter’s Church 370 St Peter’s Wharf 370 GENERAL INDEX 464 Manston, barrow 280, 298 Margate 291 barrows 288, 306, 307, 311 see also Northdown Mari, John de 196 marine shells 69, 70, 198, 199, 203 shellfish dump, AS 96 Marley Tile Company 57 Martin, David and Barbara, Rye Rebuilt: Regeneration and decline within a Sussex Cinque Port Town, 1350-1660, reviewed 398-400 Maunsell, Guy 25 mausoleum, Roman 355 Maylam, Richard (ed.), Percy Maylam’s The Kent Hooden Horse, reviewed 417-18 medieval period Ashford 378 Canterbury 69-71, 355, 356, 357 coins 363 Dartford 382 Deptford area 261 Greenwich Market 367 Greenwich Wharf tide mill 366 lead seal matrix 179 Lynsted 363 Maidstone 370 Monkton 358, 361, 362 Orpington Hospital 379 Rochester, Phelip’s Lodge 207-24 roof tile 337 Tonbridge 374 Weavering 371 Willesborough 373 see also Dover, Laureston Place; Headcorn; Newnham; pottery; quadrans novus Medway megaliths, Neolithic 339-49 animal bone 348 human remains 342, 343, 348 intervisibility 339-40, 341, 347 on Gough map? 389 orientation and axis 346 restricted views 343-6 Medway river 2, 340, 342, 343, 346, 348-9 crossing points 389, 391, 392 locks 45 megaliths see Medway megaliths Meopham 17 Mesolithic flint 183, 358, 379 Ringlemere 362 tools 261 metalworking Ashford, LBA 378 Tonbridge 376 Metaphysical Society 256 Miles, Alec, obituary 437 military belt plate, Roman 178, 183-4, 183, 187 military and civil defences, 20th-century 1-33 Mills, Thomas, vicar 135 mills Canterbury mill house 357 Deptford Creek 261 Dover 195 Greenwich 366 Leybourne Stream 225-46 Sevenoaks area 40, 47 millstone, Roman 321, 328 Milton Barracks, Gravesend 8, 11, 12, 25, 27 Milton Range 8, 8 Milton Rifle Range 13, 29 Minnis Bay, barrows 288, 289-90, 306 Minster Abbey 86, 121 Anglo-Saxon period 86 barrows 289, 310, 311 coin hoard 85 LBA/EIA enclosure 86 MBA artefacts from foreshore 85 Minster in Thanet 86 Minster in Thanet, Abbey Farm Roman villa, Building 7 kiln or oven structure 315-32 brewing/breweries 331 brick or tile 326, 330 Building 6: 330 coins 315, 329 corn-drying ovens 330-1 fuel 331 gully features 324-6, 329 nails 324 plant remains 323 post-built structures (barn or shed) 326-9, 331 pottery 315, 324, 326, 329, 331 quern/millstone 321, 328 GENERAL INDEX 465 Minster in Thanet, Roman villa (cont.) water supply 331 Monkton Neolithic 358, 359 BA 161, 162, 358, 359 barrow replica 297 round barrows 280, 289, 299, 310, 358 IA 358, 359 Roman 358, 360 AS 358 medieval 358, 361, 362 Thanet Earth 357-62 Montreal House 43 Montreal Park 37, 46, 55, 56 Moody, Gerald, ‘The Roman villa complex at Abbey Farm, Minster in Thanet. Part 7: Building 7, a late Roman kiln and post-built structures’ 315-32 Moody, Gerald, Nigel MacPherson- Grant and Trevor Anderson, ‘Later Bronze Age cremation at West Cliff, Ramsgate’ 147-72 Mortimer, Ian, The Dying and the Doctors: the medical revolution in seventeenth-century England, reviewed 405-6 Mudge’s map (1801) 231 Munich Crisis 14-15, 29 Museum of London Archaeology (MOLA ) 365-71, 372, 373, 374, 379 musketry training 7-8 Nailbourne valley 293 nails 177, 190, 198, 324 National Maritime Museum, Greenwich 365-6 Neolithic barrows 279, 283, 358 long house 347 Medway megaliths 339-49 Monkton 358 trackways 261 Willesborough 372 see also Kingsborough Manor Netherhale Farm 161, 162 New Tavern Fort, Gravesend 6-7, 6, 11, 13, 28, 29 Newenham, Fulk de 118, 122 Newenham, Hugh de 118 Newnham Calico House, medieval origins 105- 45 church 117-19, 122, 136 Newnham Court sand mines 371 Newnham Park, Weavering 371 nine-post structures MIA 95 AS, Monkton 358 Northbourne, barrows 308 Northdown, Margate, barrows 280, 288, 301, 306, 311 North Downs 36, 45, 47, 54 megaliths 340, 343, 346, 347, 348-9 Northfleet 354 Bowater’s Paper Mill 13 20th-century defences 5, 8, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29 minewatchers’ post 21, 23, 29 Red Lion Wharf 25 Northumberland Bottom 13, 14, 20, 27 Norwood Manor 85, 86, 100 Nouaille family 40, 47 nunnery see Davington Priory Okingfold, Thomas 120-1 Orpington Hospital, Sevenoaks Road 379 Ospringe, on Gough map 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 394 Otford 36 archbishop’s palace 38, 40 BA burial ground 40 bridge 39 on Gough map 388, 390, 391, 392, 393 housing development 51 IA hill fort 40 Otterden, parsonage 122 ovens/kilns 176, 178 ovens, medieval 261 Oxford Archaeology 86 Oxney, Isle of 391 Ozengell, Ramsgate, barrows 284, 290, 296, 310 Pack, Thomas 119 palaeolithic archaeology 350-4 flake 362 GENERAL INDEX 466 Palmer, Samuel 45 Palmerston, Lord 250-1 palstaves, MBA 85, 183, 358 Panthurst Park 42, 45 paper mills, paper making 40, 47, 52 Parfitt, Keith, ‘The medieval Upmarket ward of Dover: archaeological evidence from Laureston Place, Castle Hill’ 191-205 Park Place 46 peg-tiles 70, 71, 197, 215, 220, 371 Pegwell, barrows 290 Pegwell Bay 354 Perkins, Dave, ‘The distribution patterns of Bronze Age round barrows in north-east Kent’ 277-313 Peters Village, Wouldham 369-70 Pfyffers, Theodore 256 Phelips (Phillips), Walter 207 Philippa of Hainault 393 Pike, Geoffrey, and Michael Crux, History in a City Street: St Margaret’s, Canterbury, reviewed 419 Pilgrim’s Way 389, 394 pillboxes 21, 24, 29 Pipe Line Under the Ocean (PLUTO) 26 placenames Beult and Bewl 385-7 the Chartland 36 Newnham 118 quarries 38 plant remains Ashford 376, 378 Canterbury, AS 356 Deptford 262 Dover 198 Kingsborough Manor 98-9 Minster in Thanet, Roman 323 Tonbridge 376 West Cliff, Ramsgate 155 Pleistocene gravel 365 Polebrook Farm 43 Polhill 46 pollen Deptford 262-3, 262, 269, 273 Kingsborough 98 pottery prehistoric 169-70, 290, 356, 383 Neolithic 169, 267, 342, 343 Mildenhall or Decorated 89 BA 90, 92, 93, 95, 100, 169, 267, 376 Beaker 279, 281, 283 Bucket Urns 283 Deverel-Rimbury 151, 152-3, 152, 157, 161-2, 169-70, 283 flint tempered 266-7, 334, 336 Ramsgate, LBA cremation 147, 149, 152, 153-5, 154, 156, 157-62, 163, 164-70 IA /LIA 93, 95, 169, 170, 178, 179, 181, 324, 329 ‘Belgic’ style/Early Roman 169, 170, 178, 179 RB/Roman 69, 95, 96, 169, 170, 176, 177, 178, 179, 181, 186-7, 188-9, 315, 324, 329, 331, 337, 355, 371, 376, 382-3 amphora 337 coarse greyware 337 ‘East Sussex ware’ 176 Gallo Belgic Terra Nigra 170 Greyware 188 Late Roman Oxfordshire colourcoated ware 170 Patchgrove-type 186-7, 188, 189 Redware 189 samian 177, 178, 179, 186, 198 Anglo-Saxon/Saxon 69, 95, 96, 326, 355, 356, 378 Middle to Late Saxon sandy greyware 96 medieval 70, 71, 72, 98, 169, 170, 197, 198, 199, 202, 203, 382-3 Canterbury Tyler Hill sandy ware 170 Tyler Hill ware 337 post-medieval 169, 197 pottery wasters, post-medieval 71-2 Powell, Andrew B. note on a late prehistoric enclosure and field system at Haine Road, Ramsgate 334-9 note on preserving the John Wymer archive 350-4 Pratt, Simon, Peter Seary and Sheila Sweetinburgh, ‘The mill on the Leybourne Stream and its water management in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries’ 225-46 Pre-Construct Archaeology 379 GENERAL INDEX 467 prehistoric Canterbury 355, 356 Express Wharf 261 Greenwich Wharf 366-7 palaeolithic archaeology 350-4 Ramsgate, enclosure and field system 334-9 see also flint; Headcorn; pottery Profatius Judeus 73, 74 Pugin, Augustus Welby 249, 255 Puma Power Plant, Ash 379-82 pyre debris, BA Deptford 263, 268, 269, 273 Kingsborough 90, 93, 99 Ramsgate 165, 167-8 quadrans novus, medieval 70, 72-80 quarries 37, 38, 47, 98 Quarry Hill 38 Queenborough Castle 387, 391, 392, 393-4 quernstones Neolithic 88, 89 IA 261 RB/Roman 96, 179 radiocarbon dating Ashford 378 barrows 283, 284, 298 Deptford 263, 265, 267, 268-9, 273 Kingsborough Manor 89, 90, 92, 93, 96 West Cliff, Ramsgate 155, 157, 162 ragstone, Kentish rag 36, 37-8, 42, 43 railways 3, 35, 36, 38-9, 46, 47, 48-50, 51, 54, 58 railway track 370 Ramsgate barrows 306, 307, 310, 311 Chalk Hill, Neolithic pottery 89 Haine Road 334-9 enclosure, late prehistoric 334-7 field system 337 flint, Late Neolithic/EBA 334 medieval 337 pottery vessel, BA 334, 336 RB 337 Manston Road, settlement 335, 336, 337 West Cliff LBA cremation 147-72 animal bone 164 human remains 147, 149, 153, 154-5, 157, 158, 160, 162-9 IA activity 170 mound or cairn 149, 168, 169 pit deposits 149, 153-7, 158-60, 162-4 plant remains 155 radiocarbon dating 155, 157, 162 ring ditch (gully) 147, 149-53, 157-8, 168, 169 Roman ditch (B) 149, 151, 158, 170 see also Lord of the Manor Ravensbourne river 259, 261, 271, 389 Reculver 354 Red House Farm, late prehistoric site 335, 337 Richborough 354 ring ditches BA 278-9, 281 labour involved in cutting 297-8 Saxon 283-4 types of enclosures 281-3 see also Ramsgate, West Cliff Ringlemere, Woodnesborough 362-3 Ringwould, Dover 165, 280, 282, 283, 302, 308, 312 river defences, 20th-century 5-7, 11, 21-5 Riverhead 56, 57 rivers and streams 39-40 roads 45-6, 54, 58-60 Roman 174, 187-8, 368, 373 Robertsbridge (Sussex) 389 Rochester bridge 389 Cathedral 207, 214 on Gough map 388, 389, 390, 391, 392 Phelip’s Lodge, medieval origins 207-24 St Andrew’s Priory 213-14, 221 Roman/Romano-British period Ash 380-1 burials 261, 355 Canterbury 68-9, 355, 357 coin hoards 85 Deptford area 261 Express Wharf 261 ironworking 173, 185, 186, 187, 313 Lullingstone villa 364 Monkton 358, 360 peat formation 269, 273 GENERAL INDEX 468 Roman/Romano-British period (cont.) Ramsgate area, settlement and farming 337 Ringlemere, boundary ditches 363 Sevenoaks area 40 Swanscombe 373 temple 340 tile and brick dumps 364 West Cliff, Ramsgate 149, 151, 158, 170 see also coins; cremation burials; Headcorn; Minster in Thanet; pottery; roads; villas Romney, on Gough map 388, 390, 391, 392 Romney Marsh 391 hemp 195 roof structures, medieval and later 207, 209-13, 215, 220, 221 roof tiles Roman 329, 330 medieval 337 roofing slates 39 Rother river 391 round barrows (BA), distribution patterns 277-313 roundhouses BA 376 IA 175, 178, 181, 182, 187 Rowley, Chris, The Lost Powder Mills of Leigh, reviewed 408-10 Ruderman, Arthur, obituary 437-8 St Julian’s (gentry house) 43 St Margaret’s, barrows 308-9 St Nicholas at Wade, barrows 280, 290, 305 St Peter’s Wharf, Maidstone 370 saltworking mounds 86 sand pits 38 Sandwich, on Gough map 388, 390, 391, 392 Sare, Ady 122, 128 Saxo-Norman, Dartford 382 Schuster, Jorn, ‘The Neolithic to postmedieval archaeology of Kingsborough, Eastchurch, Isle of Sheppey: from monuments to fields’ 83-103 Seal Hollow Road 41, 46 seal matrix, lead, medieval 179 Seary, Peter see Pratt, Simon Sevenoaks almshouses 37 Bat and Ball 49, 50, 55 Bligh’s, High Street 47 Bradbourne Farm 42 Bradbourne Park Road 51 building materials 37-9 Chantry 42 cinemas 53 Cramptons Road gas works 49 20th-century defences 11 Golding Road 48 High Street 43, 58, 60 Hitchen Hatch Lane 48, 57 hospitals 52-3 human landscape of area 35-64 ‘le Vyne’ 41 Lime Tree Walk 48 market place 40-1 Mount Harry Road 51 Oak Lane pumping station 50 Otford Road brickworks 47, 48 parish 41-8 The Red House 42 Rockdale 56 St Julian’s 37-8 St Nicholas church 37, 41, 42, 60 schools 53-4, 57 Solefields 55, 56 Suffolk Terrace 47 Tub’s Hill 48, 49, 50, 52, 57 The Vine 52, 53, 60 Woodside Road 51 Sevenoaks Park 42 Sevenoaks Wildlife Reserve 57 Shaftesbury, Lord 250-1 Sheerness 7 Shene, Robert, vicar 121 Sheppey 354 geology 85 on Gough map 390, 391, 393-4 see also Kingsborough Manor Shoreham 40 bridge 39 memorial 54 mill 40, 47 railway 49 Shorne barrow 280, 303 20th-century defences 3, 17, 22, 25, 27, 29 GENERAL INDEX 469 Shorne (cont.) Laughing Water 19 Shornemead Fort 5, 7, 8, 11, 13, 19, 20, 23, 26, 28, 29 Shottendane Valley, barrows 291 shrines, Roman 355, 373 Shrubsoles Hill 85, 92, 93 sickle, MBA 85 silk mill 40, 47 Silvertown, Neolithic trackway 261 Singlewell 9, 10 Sittingbourne, on Gough map 388, 389, 390, 392, 394 slag, metalworking 376; see also iron slag Slough Fort, Allhallows 7 Smarden/Romden ironworking site 174 Smith, Victor T.C., ‘Kent’s twentiethcentury military and civil defences: part 1 - Thameside’ 1-33 smoothing stone 201-2 South Shields (Tyne and Wear), Roman belt 184, 184 Southfleet 9, 22, 25 spearhead, MBA 85 Springhead, Ebbsfleet 354 Stanhope, Earl of 43, 46 steelyard weight, lead 176, 186 Stirrup, Thomas 231 Stone 25 Stonehenge 291, 292 Stonepitts quarry 38 Stour river 357, 389, 391 Stour valley 293 Strahan, Alexander 248, 253 Strood 15 stud, copper alloy, Roman 184-5, 185 Stukeley, William 279, 340, 342 Sturry 354 Sundridge bridge 41 mill and pond 40, 47, 57 sunken-featured buildings, AS 96, 100 Ashford 378 Minster 86 Monkton 358, 362 Sutton, barrows 309, 312 Sutton at Hone 25 Sutton Barrow Landscape (Sutton Wedge) 285, 286-7, 291-4 Swanscombe civil defence 15, 16, 17, 22, 25, 27 High School, RB 373 human skull 350, 351, 354 Sweetinburgh, Sheila see Austin, Rupert; Pratt, Simon tegulae, Roman 177, 179, 187, 197 Teise river 389, 392 Temple, Frederick 247 Tenterden 386 Territorial Army 12, 13, 19, 27, 29 tesserae 364 Thames river (Thameside), 20th-century military and civil defences 1-33 Thames Valley Archaeological Services 259 Thanet 278 on Gough map 390, 391 Militia 296 ‘Thanatos’ 296 Thanet Barrow Landscape 285, 287-93, 294-7 Thistle Hill 85 Thomas at Style 120 Tilbury (Essex) 5, 391 Tilbury Docks 5 Tilbury Fort 6, 7 tiles dog paw print, RB 96 Roman 179, 187, 364 see also tegulae Tilmanstone, barrows 308, 312 timber 43, 45 as building material 37, 42 timber-framing see Newnham, Calico House Tivoli Brook 291 Tonbridge 45, 47 Capitol Cinema 374-6 on Gough map 388, 389, 390, 392 Toys Hill 36, 45, 52 trackways Neolithic and BA 261 LBA 337 Trust for Thanet Archaeology 147 Tunbridge Wells 15, 45 turnpikes 45-6, 54 Tuson, Dan, The Kent Downs, reviewed 415-17 Tylmanstone, Luke de 196 GENERAL INDEX 470 Ulcombe 187, 188 Vasili, Phil, Walter Tull, 1888-1918: Officer, footballer. All the guns in France couldn’t wake me, reviewed 410-12 Victoria, Queen 147 Vigo, camp 25, 29 villas, RB/Roman 40, 315-32, 337 volunteer movement, 20th-century 7-8 votive offerings Canterbury 355 Headcorn 178 wall paintings, Calico House 124, 127, 128 Walter, Hubert, archbishop 118 Wantsum Channel 287, 289, 290, 293, 369 Wantsum (west of) 278 Warden Point, Sheppey 354 Warham, Archbishop 38 Warren Farm chambered tomb 346, 347 watermills, Leybourne Stream 225-46 Watling Street 3, 24, 209, 355, 382, 388, 389, 391, 392, 394 Weald 37, 43 Wealden form of building 106, 116 Weavering, Newnham Park 371 weights, lead and bronze 185-6 wells, medieval 70, 71 Wessex Archaeology 86, 352-3, 376 Wessex barrows 292, 294, 297 Westerham 11 Westerham Hill 36 West Heath (W. Sussex), barrows 281- 2 West Malling, mill house and mill 231, 244 West Malling Stream 230, 231, 235, 244 Westwood, RB site 335, 337 White Horse Stone 339, 341, 342, 345, 346, 347 Whitley Forest, mill 40 Whitworth, Charles 231 Whitworth, Charles (d.1742) 231 Whitworth, Francis 230-1 Wilderness[e] 43, 51, 53, 55, 56, 57 Willesborough, Ashford 372-3 Wilmington 22, 25 Windmill Hill, Gravesend 9 Wolnoth, John 195 woodland 43, 98, 99, 293, 378 activities 36 fuel from 269, 271 workhouse 52 World War I agriculture 47 defences 2, 9-12, 28 hospital 379 World War II agriculture 47 aircraft debris 186 airfield approach beacon 362 anti-glider ditches 338 military and civil defences 2, 15-26, 28, 29 Nore Command 363 Wouldham barrow 280, 304 Peters Village 369-70 Wright, David, St Peter’s, Whitstable: a history of the church, parish and people, reviewed 418-19 Wrotham 11 Wye Bridge 230 Wye Downs 354 Wymer, John, archive of 350-4 Wymeswold (Leics) 249, 250, 252 Yalding, on Gough map 388, 389, 390, 392