Abstract of Proceedings 1911-1912

( xxxix. ) 􀀄l)t 􀀏 r.c hre:olo gi.cal ABS111-tAC'l' OF PROCEEDINGS, 1911-1912. March 9th, l!:H 1.-The Oouucil met at the Society's Rooms, Maidstone, fourteen members present, Lord Northbourne in the Ohair. It was decided that, owing to the limited space in the library, the invitation to exchange publications with the Cork Archreological Society should be declined. The question of the future of H.ichborough Castle being raised with reference to the death of Canon Flower, the acting trustee, Lord N orthbourue undertook to consult the Archbishop with regard to the same. In reply to an application for a grant towards the Rochester Diocesan Registers the Secretary was directed to ask for an estimate of the cost. A letter was read from the Congress of Arohreological Societies asking if the Kent Archreo1ogical Society would subscribe for a number of copies of the "scheme for recording ancient defensive earthworks and fortified enclosures." The Council did not consider it necessary. Mr. H. Greensted of Tunstall was elected Hon. Local Secretary for the Sittingbourue District vice Dr. Gra.yling, resigned. The balance-sheet £or 1910, with list of members whose subscriptions were in arrear, was presented. The following were elected Ordinary Members : E. Garnet Mn.u, .A. W. King, Mrs. Aubrey le Blond, R. F. Clarke, Mrs. Muir, Miss May, W. Lewis, Lionel de Barri Orawshay, Captain C. T, Hesketh, Ead Amherst;, Lord Sackville, Sir H. B. Cohen, xl PROCEEDINGS, 1911. Captain 0. H. North, and Miss Gertrude Tonge. Sir H. B. Cohen was added to the list of Vice-Presidents. Cheques were signed, including one in favoUl' of the publishers for £100 on account of Vol. XXIX., and one for £106 for the investment of life subscriptions. The Secretary was instructed to iusure the Curator and Porter under the Employers' Liability Act. June 1st, 1911.-The Council met at the "Coburg Hotel," at the invitation of the President, Lord N 01·thbourne in the Chair. Eighteen members present. The Dean of Rochester introduced the question of the printing by the Society of the Capitular, Diocesan, and Parochial Registers of the Diocese of Rochester. The matter was referred to Mr. A. A. Arnold, Mr. L. L. Duncan, and the Rev. C. E. Woodruff, to be brought again before the Council. It was decided that arrears in the subscription to the Pipe Roil Society should be paid and the subscription continued in the future. A request that the Council should contribute towards the preservation of an old house at Wickhambreaux was declined, on the ground that the Society had no funds available £or the purpose. A programme of the Annual Meeting was laid before the Council and approved. It was decided that the members of the local committee of an annual meeting should be elected members of the Society pro tem. Mr. H. W. Knocker was elected a Member of the Council vice Mr. C. W. Powell, now an ea:-ojfiaio member as Hon. Treasurer. The draft Annual Report was adopted with slight alterations. The following were elected Ordinary Members: Rev. C. G. Duffield, Earl Stanhope, Miss Harriet Strettell, Mrs. H. V. Lushington, F. E. Wallis, E. Vaughan, l\'[rs. Grubb, Captain G. L. Courthope, J. Scratton, Rev. H. R. Hughes, H. Woodall, F. H. Day, Mrs. A. Leney, Rev. J. E. le S. Dawson, Miss A. J. Dawson. A cheque of five guineas was drawn in favour of the Pipe Rolls Society. July 18th, 1911.-The Annual General Meeting ,was held in the Town Hall, Greenwich, Lord Northbourne, President, in the Ohair. J.>RO(iEEDING};, 191'1.. "£he .iYfayor of Gt·eenwich welcomed the Society. Rev. W. Gardner-Waterman then read the Annual Report, which expressed regret at the Society's losses by death, amongst whom he would especially mention Earl Amherst, for many years a trustee of the Society, and the Rev. Canon ]'lower, the acting trustee of Richborougb Castle. They would be asked to elect two 'l'rustees, as no minute could be found of the election of Mr. Mapleton Chapman. The Council had, at the request 0£ the Rector and Churchwardens, returned to Smarden OhUl'ch the sword which formerly hung over the Rum den pew and belonged to Colonel Otway, as this appeared to have been presented to the Society under a misapprehension. They also asked for the return of the Bulla of Pope Innocent IV., A.D. 1245, which was found in the Rectory Garden, but this the Council felt was in a different position, and retained it in the Society's collections. The past year had produced no striking discoveries within the county. The Council had expended £30 in the excavations at Ricbborough Castle. 'l'hey had hoped further work on this spot might have been uudertakeu in conjunction with the Society of Antiquaries, but at present this matter was in abeyance. Owing to the illness of the Hon. Editor, Rev. G. M. Livett, who was ordered abroad shortly after Christmas, it had not been possible to issue Vol. XXIX. to members, but it was hoped shortly to do this owing to the kindness of the Rev. C. E. Woodruff, wbo had undertaken this duty during the Edito1·'s absence. The Volumes were not issued yearly but at irregular intervals, which had averaged since the commencement of the Society twenty-two months. During the past year fifty new members had been e1ected, a number slightly in excess of previous years. The President added a few words, and spoke with appreciation of the services rendered by Rev. Vv. G. Waterman, who was getting the fiuances of the Society out of a state of almost inextricable confusion, and that something like order was taking the place of the previous chaos was due to his laborious work. The President informed Ml'. Denne, in reply to a question, that subscriptions to the Richborough Onstle Excava.l;iou Fund might be sent to Mr. W. H. St. John-Hope, Hon. Treasurer. The six retiring Members of the Council and the Auditors were re-elected. Mi-. Mapleton Chapman and Mr. C. W. Powell were eleoted Trustees of the Society's funds and property. The following were elected Ordinary Members: A. I<'. Buxton and H. Outhwaite. The following alterations in. the Rules of the Society, of which due notice had been given, were put and unanimously carried : Rule 2.-After "Honorary Secretary" read "Honorary Financial Secretary;" Rule 3.-To read "and on the second Wednesday in the month of December;" Rule 14.-For "Secretary" read " Secretaries." The H.ev. W. Gardner-Waterman was appointed Hon. Financial Secretary. The meeting closed with a vote of thanks to the Mayor of Greenwich. The Society then proceeded to the Parish Church of St. Alpbege, which was described by the Vicar, Rev. S. M. Bardsley, M.A. 'l'he present building iR 200 years old, but is on the site of earlier churches erected on the spot where St. Alphege was massacred by the Danes. It ha,s an organ, the history of which can be traced back to 1552, and is therefore one of the most ancient in England. The instrument was played by Thomas Tallie,, the father of English Church Music, who, as Court Musician, resided at Greenwich. Tallis and his wife were buried in the chancel. Tbe pulpit is handsome, and possesses hour-glasses which register the quarter, the hid£, the three-quarter, and the hour intervals. The capitals of the pillars supporting the galleries are good examples of carving. 'l'he sanctuary rails also are noteworthy. One of the nave windows is in meruory of Genero.l Wolfe, who is buried here. After lunch at the Ship, Vanbrugb Castle, erected about 1717 by Sir John Vanbrugh, was visited, and was described by Mr. H. Jones, l!".S.A., but only tbe exterior was shewn. It is built 0£ brick with round and square turrets, and is said to have been modelled on the Bastille. The members then proceeded to Greenwich Park, seeing the remains of the small Roman Villa discovered a few years ago. Upwards of three hundred coins have been discovered here, representing about forty emperors. St. Luke's Church, Charlton, was next visited, a.ud was described by the Vicar, the Rev. J. H. Bridgwater, M.A. There is a little early work discovered cased in the brick wall. The nave was rebuilt in 1630. 'l'he east window is late-seventeenth century, and portions are by the famous window-painter, Isaac Oliver. Progress was, then made to Charlton House, the residence of Sit· Spencer °l>ROCEEDING-S, 1911. M:aryon-Wilson, stated to have been erected 1607 for Sir .A.dam Newton, tutor to the two sons 0£ James I. In the grounds a mulberry tree was planted in 1608 by order of King James I. The house has most interesting collections of vV edgewood and various curio13, and some lace-work of the time of the Commonwealth. There are also some interesting lead tanks. After the Annual Dinner, which took place at the Ship, Greenwich, Mr. J.E. G. de Montmorency, M.A., LL.B., spoke on the History of Greenwich and Mr. F. C. Elliston-Erwood on Lesnes Abbey. On Wednesday, 19th July, visits were paid to the Naval Museum, the Painted Hi\ll, and Greenwich College. A start was made in fine weather £or vVell Hall, visited by the kind permission of lVIr. Hubert Bland. There is a moat and part of an Elizabethan house. 1'he 'l.'udot· brickwork bears date 1568. Mr. Vince.nt gave a short description. Eltham Palace was next visited, and in the Great Ilall lunch took place, by kind permission of Mr. S. "Wilson. Mr. C. H-. Peers, Chief Inspector of .Ancient Monuments, described the building, trni:ing the history from the time of the Domesday Survey. Ilenry VI., it has been lately discovered, built a great chapel and a hall adjoining, alLhough Edward IV. was the man to whom they looked as having et·ected most of the building. '.l'he large haU was built in 1480. Henry VII. made :;ome additions, and Henry VIII. was the last King to reside there. Important information regarding the outer buildiugs had recently come to hand through the finding 0£ a plan, which had been discovered at Hatfield. 'l'bis discloses where the lodgings of the personal att,:mdants of the Kings were situated, and also the position of some of the courts. '.l.'he hall is at the present time the pt·iucipal feature, the roof being a very good example of late fifteenth-century work. For preservation the Office of Works is pl'oposing to refix glass in the windows. The members then proceeded to East Wickham 01.iurch. '.l.'he Rev. :B'. C. Cowen, M.A., described the Church, which holds 100, with it population in the parish of 7000. In the vestr-y there is an old chest with tweli·e bolts, and in the nave it brass to Sir John de Bladigdooe of Blendon Pat·k, 1325. On the return journey· Lesne::i Abbey was visited to see the excavations undertaken by the W oolwich Antiq uariu.u Society, the President, Mr. Vincent, a.ud others very kindly actiug as guides. '.1.'he Ab.bey was founded by lt.ichard de Lucy, Cuief rliv PROCEE.DINGS, 1911. Justiciar of Engln.nd, 1178, aud was suppressed by Cardinal ·wolsey. The foundations of the Church are 240 feet long by 67 feet wide. Many of the objects excavated were seen under cover, and members spent some time in addition in being taken round in parties to see the foundations, which have been opened out to view. September 14th, 1911.-The Council met at the Bridgewardens' Chamber, Rochester. Mr. F. F. Giraud was voted to the Ohair. Ten members present. Votes of thanks in connection with the Greenwich Meeting were accorded to the Mayor and Corporation of Greenwich, the Rev. S. M. Bardsley, Mr. Duccombe, the Rev. J. H. Bridgewate1•, Sir Speneer Maryon-Wilson, Mr. Bland, Mr. Dunn, Mr. Wilson, Rev. F. C. Cohen, the rrown Clerk of Greenwich, Mr. W. T. Vincent, Mr. de Montmorency, Mr. Elliston Erwood, and Mr. Herbert Jones. The following were elected Members of the Council: G. Wood W ollaston, " BI uemantle," vice Mr. G. E. Cockayne, deceased, and Mr . .A.ymer Vallance vice Colonel Copeland, resigned. 'l'he loan of blocks of views of Edenbridge was granted to the Rev. H. Somers Cocks. The Rev. C. E. Woodruff undertook, if necessary, to investigate discoveries at Stonar reported in a letter from the Rev. A. M. Chichester. The following were elected Ordinary Members: W. G. Covell, W. Whiting. The Records Committee was 1·equested to report to the next meeting upon a letter received from the Secretary of the Records Special Committee of the Rochester Diocesan Conference, su·ggesting that the Society should undertake the publication of their Report on Parochial Registers, and, failing this, asking for a grant towards the expense. Mr. Knocker reported a.n offer from Mr. Nath. J. Hone to transcribe the Inquisitiones Post-nw1·tem, in continuation of the series printed in Arch. Oant. It was decided to accept the offer with thanks. December 6th, 1911.-The Council met, by the permission of the Dean, iu the Cathedral Library, Canterbury. Sixteen members present, the President, Lord Northbourne, in the Chair. Letters were received £rom Rev. T. S. Frampton and Mr. A. H. PROCEEDINGS, 1911. xlv Gardner, resigning their positions upon the Council. These resignations were acceptecl with an expression of regret, and the l{ev. T. S. Frampton was unanimom.ly elected a Vice-Presideut. Mr. W. M. Newton was elected Hou. Local Secretary 0£ the Dartford District vice Mr. Holt "\Vhite, resigned. Letters were read from M1·. J. A. ,Ja.cobs and Mr. S. Manser relating to iihe discoveries at Stonar, and from Mr. Elliston Erwood with regard to the exc-avatious at Lesnes. It wa,s decided that l\1r. Erwood should be asked to furnish a report. The Hon. H. Hannen wi􀉛s elected a JVIember of the Council vice the Rev. Gardner-"\Vaterman, who became a member e:r:-officio on his appointment as Honorary J!'inan-eial Secretary. It was agreed that Hythe should be the centre for the next .Annual Meeting. The following were elected Ordimtry Members: Mrs. Julian, H. Dewey, 'l'. H. Evans, Rev. E. Owen, Dr. Sidney J. Smith, W. E. Oaroe, and Campbell Ashenden. It was decided to print 1000 copies of a circular prospectus 0£ the Society recently distributed by Dr. Cotton in the Ramsgate district. It was agreed that a set of photographs of Mr. Petrie's sketches of Kentish Churches, issued by the Kent Photographic Survey Society, should be purchased for the Library and suitably mounted in brown-paper volumes. It was agreed, on the recommendation of the Records Committee, tl1at the Council should 1)Ublish the report on Parochial Registers on behalf of the Rochester Diocesan Conference, provided that two-thirds of the estimated cost of £75 for an issue of 800 copies should be met by signed promises of subscriptions at the following rates: For a member of K.A.S. 2s., a member of the Conference 3s., other purchasers 5s. per copy; it being understood that the p·ivilege of purchase nt reduced rate should be limited to one copy per member. Mr. Richard Cooke's offer to undertake the duties of Honora.ry General Secretary 1:ice the Rev. \V. Gardller-W atermau, resigned, was gratefully accepted, and his appointment una.nimously carried. Mr. Gardner-\·Vaterman kindly conse.ntiug to continue to discharge the duties of Financial Secretary, the following Committee was appointed to adjust the duties of the respective offices: the President, Rev. C. E. Woodruff, Rev. G. M. Livett, Mr. H.ichnrd Cooke, Rev. W, Giii-dn􀉜r-Waterman. xlvi PROCEEDINGS, 1912. r- March 14th,1912.-The Council rnet at Astley House,Maidstone, after luncheon, by the invitation of Mr. He1·bert Monckton. Lord Northbourne presided. There were fifteen members prese11t. Mr. Richard John Fynmore attended by the invitation of the President. The following were elected Ordinary Members: G. Feaver Clarke, Professor Cleveland Abbe, Newton H. Hardy, Lord Weardale, Miss Bowen, H. W. Plumptre, Lieui;.-Colonel E. Wyndham Bailey, Rev. B. T. Winnifrith, Rev. D. Barry, and R. H. Goodsall. The Constitutional Club, N ortbumberland Avenue, W., was admitted to membership. Letters were read from the Urban District Council, Tonbridge, and from Mr. Herbert Sands, F.S. A., reporting upon exca,,ations commenced at Tonbridge Castle, and asking for a grant. It was agreed that a sum of £20 should be granted to the Excavation Committee, with the condition that the p1·imary report or reports, with plans and other illustrations, be sent to the Editor £or publication in A1•cltaJolo.1ia Cantiana. The President reported the possibility 0£ the sale in the near future 0£ Sandgate Castle, and hoped that something might be done to preserve that historical and interesting landmark 0£ the past, adding that E. Brassey, Sir E. Sassoon, M.P. for Hytbe, and other residents in the neighbourhood were anxious for its preser• vatioa. The Hon. Secretary was requested to communicate with the N ntional Trust £or Places of Historical Interest, 25 Victoria Street, Vv estminster, with a view to their co-operation. The Hon. Secretary, Mr. Richard Cooke, reported that he had received promises 0£ subscription to the amount required by the Council, as a condition 0£ their undertaking the publication of an edition of 800 copies 0£ Parish Registers and Records in the Diocese 0£ Rochester, edited by the Hev. W. E. Buckland, for the ]{ochester Diocesan Conference, and that he had given the necessat·y instructions to the Society's publishers. In accordance with the terms of the report presented to the Counc.il at its last meeting by the Records Committee, the Honorary Editor, the Rev. G. M. Livett, had arranged that the volume should be uni.form with A1•chaJolo.1ire Oantinna, and should bear the general title of Kent Records, with a view to its being regarded as the first 0£ a series of such records. 'rhe President expressed a hope that a similar work should be carried out for the Canterbury Diocese, and the Council passed a recomme:ndation to thttt effect, ':PROCEEDINGS, l!H2. xlvii Cheqnes were signed, including one for £20 for rent of rooms, one for 11 guineas fot· the Petrie photogr11.phs, and one for £20 for the Tonbridge Castle Excavation Fnud. At the meeting of the Society held at the Maidstone Museum on the same afternoon Mr . .A.ymer Vallance read a paper on the subject 0£ Old Bridges in England and Wales, illustrnted by a large number of lantern slides. He began by remarking that the earliest bridges seem to have been wooden structures of a more or less tempo1,ary character. He then traced the development 0£ stone bridges from their most pt'imitive form of stepping stones (e. fJ. ., Torr Steps on the Burle, Somerset) to the next stage, that of cyclopean bridges of post-and-lintel constnwtion (e ..r; ., Slaughter Bridge, 11enr Camelford, Cornwall), and lastly to the arched structure. '.!.'he medire,,nl bridge at its most perfect development in the fifteenth century consisted of pointed arches, very usually ribbed 1mderneath, and springing from massive piers with projecting cutwaters. 'I'he latter, as their name implies, served to divide and break the force of the cmrent or the impact of floating ice, while the top parb provided refuges for foot-passenger􀈺, the roadway over being generally n, narrow one, n.nd thus liable to be occupied by vehicular traffic. The <'arliest and most obvious way of enlarging a bridge was to turn arches, from cutwn.ter to cutwater, parallel to the forme1· roadway. This plan, howeve1·, while widening the main thoroughfare, absorbed the triangular spaces on the tops of the cutwaters and so deprived foot passengers of the protection of the refuges wl1ich used to be at their service. To supply this need sometimes an overhanging gangway of timber would be attaclled to the bridge alongside the parapet (M was done at Bow 1􀈻ridge on the Lea at Stratford) or (as in the case of the old bridge at Maidstone} an iron-grated refuge, like a cage, was constructed in the middle. It is important to remember tl1at, in the Middle Ages, bridgebuilding and repairing ranked as meritorious and in the same category with corporal works 0£ mercy and benevolence. The faithful, moreover, were encouraged by t,heir spiritual pnstors to make special efforts in this regard, many bishops granting indulgences (i.e., remissions of penance or 0£ ecclesiastical censures) to those who should participate in the pious work. 'l'hus the Pope himself is believed to have indulgenced the work of Old lfochcster Bridge. This a􀈼pect of . bridge.m11king .and wairitenai1ce WflS often xlviii PROCEEDINGS, 1912. emphasised by the erection of a chapel built actually on the bridge or in close proximity to the end of it. London and Bristol Bridges, the two most important bridges in the kingdom (Rochester Bridge ranking third in importance), had each a chapel at the middle of the bridge. Wakefield and Rotherham Bridges in Yorkshire aud St. Ives Bridge in Huntingdonshire still have remaini; of their ancient chapels standing upon them, whilst others, like Derby and Rochester Bridges, still have the remains of the bridge chapel standing at one end. The roofless walls of the bridge chapel at Rochester may still be seen on the eastem shore, adjoining the north side of i.he Bridge-wardens' modern chamber. Another notable feature, since bridges very often were positions of much tactical value, were the towers or fortified gates standing upou bridges or commanding their approaches. The only extant example of a gate yet remaining 011 a bridge is on the Monnow Bridge at Monmouth, whilst fortifications ahio exist at the end of bridges at Wark worth, N@rthumberland, and at St. David's in South Wales. Mr. Vallance gave a short sketch of the history of some of the principal bridges in the country and also of some of specially local interest, such as those on the Medway at Rochester, Aylesford, Maidstone, .East Farleigh and Teston. At Rochester there wae a bridge across the Medway p1·obably in Roman, or at least in Saxon times. It was in line with Rochester High Street, the ancient Watling Street. 1'he first stone bridge, however, built about 1389-1892, was higher up the stream. 'I1he chapel erected at its eastern end was dedicated to the Holy 1'rinity with the intention of the souls' health of the founders, of their kindred and all the faithful departed. An internsting feature of this building is the vice or staircase at the west part of the north wall, leading to the loft at the west end, a loft which still retains considerable portions of Perpendicular oak screenwork, forming part of its eastern front. The medireval bridge was demolished in 1857-8. The reconstruction of it􀆥 successor, opened in 1856 as near as maybe on the more ancient site, is still proceeding. The early history of the old bridge over the Medway at Maidstone is much more obscure than one would expect to -find. It was called the great bridge to distinguish it from the less important bridge over the Len, and is so referred to in 1494 in the will of Richard Arnett, who bequeathed five marks (£8 6$, 8d.) to thl} PROCEEDINGS, 1912. xli􀀃 repair of the Great Bridge of Maidstone.* This bridge seems originally to have comprised seven arche􀅜, but it had been repeatedly altered and renovated before it was finally demolishecl in 1879, a new bridge, designed by Sir Joseph Bazalgette, having been built to supply its place. Mr. Vallance's peroration was an urgent appeal in favour of preserving with the most scrupulous care whatever of old bridges still survives, not merely because of their high antiquarian and oosthetic -value, but also because they enshrine hallowed associations innumerable which, once dissipated, are lost beyond any possible recovery. June 5th, 1912.-After lunching with the President the Council met at the "Coburg Hotel," Lord Northbourne in the Chair. Fifteen members present. It was agreed that churchwardens should be allowed to purchase, at the reduced cost of 3s., a copy of Parish Registers, etc., for preservation in their church chest, and that copies should be supplied to the trade at 5s., less a discount of 20 per cent. Mr. H. Western Plumptre 0£ Fredville was elected a Member of the Council. The following were elected Ordinary Members: F. Morrice, B. Quaritch, Mrs. Jackson, C. J. Redshaw, Miss Reatchlous, A. E. G. H. Lushington, Rev. L. Staniforth, A1•tbur Forster, Ronald Southey, Colonel J. M. Rogers, F. D. Ibbett, A. H. Tubby, Walter Harris, Rev. S. W. Wheatley, W. K. Mac-Dermott, Rev. E. K. B. Morgan. Cheques were drawn, including one for £86 14s. to be paid to the publishers on account. The Rev. G. M. Livett and Mr. Aymer Vallance were appointed representatives of the Society to attend the Congress 0£ Arcbreological Societies. Permission was granted to Professo1· 'Baldwin Brown to take photographs ·of Saxon articles in the Museum, and for the nse 0£ plates in .A.rclu»olo,9ia Oantiana. Dr. Cock kindly presented a collection of ancient deeds to be deposited in the Society's rooms, and Mr. Hannen undertook to make abstracts for the Society's Register 0£ Ancient Deeds. Mr. Cooke, Mr. Livett, Mr. Hannen, and Mr. Knocker were * 0ommuni()!l,ter;l by Mr. Arthttr Hussey. l PROCEEDINGS, 1912. appointed a Committee to draw up a form for use in abstra-cting ancient deeds. It wns agreed, on the request of Mr. A. R. Powys, Secretary of the Society for Protection of Ancient Buildingl'l, that the Coun<'il should co-operate with that Society with a view to the preservatfon of the north wall of the l'ity of Canterbury and certnin ancient features in St. Mary's Church. It was reported that some -recent numbers of the Essex Society's Publications were missing from the library, and it was decided that, if enquiry of the late secretary should fail to discover them, application for duplicate copies should be made. Oo n question arising as to the conditions under which nonmembers might be granted permission to use the library for purposes of spe<.'ial study, it was left to the Hon. Secretary to use his discretion in the matter. Mr. Herbe1·t Knocker made suggestions £or the re-arrangement of the Local Districts, and was asked to bring the matter in definite form before the meeting of the next Council. July 16th, 1912.-'l'he Annual General Meeting of the Society was held in the Town Hall, Hythe, under the presidency of Lord Northbourne. In the unavoidable absence of the Mayor of Hythe Mr. ,Tohn Scott, Deputy-Mayor, welcomed the Society. Alderman Scott tendered on the Mayo1•'s behal£ the heartiest welcome to the K.A.S. from the Corporation of the ancient Cinque r01•t of Hythe. Lord Northbourne, in returning thanks, was sure Hythe would be· in no respect the least interesting of their visits. The Hon. Secretary, Mr. Cooke, then read his Report, and began by remarking that when the Society visited Hythe in 1862 the number of members on the Roll was reported to be 840; it was certainly no more now, probably rather less, a point which to him was not satisfactory, M so many more persons were now interested in the very wide field .opened up by .Arcbroology, and he thought their members ought to increase instead of maintaining a more or less dead level. He thought members were very much indebted to the Rev. vV. G. Waterman £or the pains he had taken and the arduous work be had accomplished in putting the affairs of the Society in order. He alluded to the endeavour to enlarge the work and increase the responsibilities of the twenty-four Local Secretaries, men to whom the Society had been much indebted in the past, and PROCEEDINGS, l!H2. Ii w011ld be, he felt sure, still more in the future. He hoped to be able to arrange for an Annual Meeting of the Local Secretaries, perhaps one year in East Kent and the following year in West Kent. A proposal had been made to form a Recordi, Bra-nch in connection with the K.A,S. 'l'his was a matter of the very greatest importance. Scattered up and down throughout the country, mauy preserved in parish chests in the churches, were documents of the greatest value to the historian and student, from the valuable light-being contemporary writings-they threw on the manners, customs, and history of the past. Now the work of our contemplated Records Branch would be to search out, catalogue, and describe these documents, and where considered necessary reproduce them partly or wholly. Attention would of course be called to those in a bad state of preservation. Mr. Buckland's volume on the Diocesan and Parish Records of the Diocese of Rochester was an instance of such work, and it was much to be hoped that something similar would be carried out for the Diocese of Canterburya matter he believed in which our President and the Archbishop of Canterbury were taking the greatest interest. It was much hoped that a start might be made of a Records Branch with some 200 to 250 members at 10s. a year. In moving the adoption of the Report the President niost strongly advocated the formation of a Records Branch. His lordship expressed his thanks to Mr. Gardner-Waterman for his strenuous work for the Society. The Report was adopted. The retiring members of the Council, viz., Mr. Monckton, the Rev. C. II. Wilkie, Dr. Cotton, Messrs. Al'llold, Wood Wollnaton, and Aymer Vallance were re-elected. The following were elected Ordinary Members : LaROCJ!JEVINGS, 1912. liii The initial £act to be borne in mind concerning this ' Castle,' so-called, is that it never was a castle at all. Mr. Harold Sands will not even allow the description 'fortified' to be applied to it. Rather it belongs to the category of strong dwellings, of which '.l'onford Manor in the Stour Valley, near Canterblll'J, and the brger houses at W estenhanger not far off, and Shur land in Shcppey, may be cited as examples. It was made strong, no doubt, as being the most impo1·tant dwelling in the neighbourhood-a dwelling that miglit serve if need be as a rallying point-and also because it occupies an eminence on the confines of Romney Marsh, commanding a long stretch of the sea coast. It might, therefore, on occasio11 be required to serve a military purpose, though no record has come to light to shew that it ever did so serve. After the Reformation it was sometimes known t1s the Court Lodge. Before the lteformation it belonged to the Al·chdeacon of Canterbury, who most likely maintained a small staff of priests and clerks in residence. Accordingly the house is larger than the average dwelling of a parish priest, a yeoman or a. squire, and comprises the nol'mal elements of a medireval house amplified to suit the particular circumstances of the case. The plan may roughly be described as au irregular oblong running east and west, though its axis points more toward the south than that of the adjacent church. 'l'he area covered is approximately 116 feet by 43 feet at the furthest extent. 'l'he centritl pa1·t of the building is occupied by.the principal apartment, the great hall, originally open, and to-day, after a luug interval of defo1·mation, happily once again open to the roof. There being no sign of a side-fireplace-the existing fireplace at the west end is a recent insertion-there can be little doubt that the fire was laid upon a central hearth (as to this day at Penshurst Place) with a louvre in the roof-ridge overhead for the escape of the smoke. All traoos, however, of hearth and louVl'e have disappeared. The hall, comprising two bays, to reckon by the fenestration, is 22 feet wide by 39 feet 6 inches long, inclusive of the space of about 6 feet at the east end anciently shut o:ff from the body of the hall to form the usual screened passage-way. The screen noted by Canon Scott Robertson in 1858 no longer remains; but until the recent restoration the principal entrance to the house had always beeu through the north porch, which opened "immediately into the passage between the screens. The porch, with au upper chamber over, still stands, but the door is now closed up and disused. liv There is a door opposite in the south wall. The kitchen and buttery were situated, according to custom, beyond the screens. There are two doorways in the east wall of the hall, doorways not quite symmetrically corresponding with one another. The northern door of the two opens into the old kitchen (now the Library), which contains an enormous fireplace witb a four-centred arch of stone 12 feet wide. To south of the kitchen stood the buttery, divided from the kitchen by a wall 5 feet thick, communication between kitchen and buttery being afforded by a doorway at the east extremity of the said wall, which has only recently been removed to throw these two apartments into one. 'rhe south door iu the east wall of the hall leads by a newelstair to a room Ol'er the kitchen, a room which from its warm and comfortable situation over the kitchen was most probably the principal bedroom. Through the latter is the only way of access to the chamber above the porch. There is another small 1·oom on the same floor to south of the principal bedroom. The block containing these rooms and the kitchen forms a low square tower at the extreme east end of the building. An interesting question arises as to whether there was any covered way communicating between the house and the church. I£ there was it must have been so arranged as not to interfere with the complete circuit of outdoor processions round the church. It may have taken the form of a bridge passage from the first floor bedroom-the nearest point to the church itselfbut there is no sign of any such passage iu the bedroom, and the rebuilding of the west wall of the nave has obliterated any traces there might have been in that quarter. In the north wall of tbe hall should be noted a small square window overlooking the hall from the por<'h-chamber; and in the east wall of the hall is another 81llall window, presumably to light the newel stair. Singularly enough the da'is at the west end opposite to the screen does not appear to have had an oriel bay, but it possesses a feature in common with the hall of Eltha.m Palace, viz., a pair of doors leading through the da'is-wall to other apartments beyond. The south door opens into the solar, the north door to a passage leading to the tower and other rooms at the west end of the building. It will be noticed that the central range is not occupied exclusively by the great halJ, the fenestration shewing that the western part of the range comprises two floors, the roof-ridge how• ever running continuously from end to end._ The upper floor con• PlWOEEDINGS, 1912. lv tains what is known as the 'king-post room,' because of the magnificent open roof which ranges with the restored roof of the great hall, and has every appearance of being original and untouched. The western extremity of the house is apsidal on plan, comprising a vaulted ground floor and upper floors. Access to the highest of these is obtained by a newel-stair in a turret in the re-entering angle bet\'veen the semicircular towl'lr and the ha1£-ruined rectangulal' wing, projecting southward beyond the central range. This part of the house, being the most dilapidated, was that which bad to undergo the greatest amount of l'estora.tion. .A.s in the case of Peel Towers there are no means of communication between the gl'Ound floor and those above it, but Dr. Randall Davis, who knew the building iu its £or111er state, recalls that there was an external staircase, a, picturesque stmcture of timber, against the wall of the apsidal tower, leading to the first-floor rooms at this end of the building. From the south terrace may be observed the springer of what may have been a sort of fiyiug-buti1·ess for the support of the south wall of the hall range. There is au old well in the courtyard to north of the building . .A.t Saltwood the party was most kindly entertained at tea on the beautiful lawn of the Rectory. The church wa.s visited and its brasses inspected. Progress was then made to the castle, where Mrs. Deedes received the members. Mr. Harold Sands described the castle, and his descri1Jtion will, we hope, appear in a future volume. The President proposed a hearty vote of thanks to Mrs. Deedes for her kindness, and to Mr. Harold Sands for his interesting description. The Annual Dinner took place at The Imperial Hotel, Hythe, Lord N orthbourne presiding. At the conclusion of the dinner Dr. Parsons gave his 'l"iews on the bones in Hythe Ohurcb, and his Paper is printed in extenso in the present volume, pp. 203 at seq. The Vicar of Hythe spoke on the 'l'own Documents, and Mr. R. J. Fynmore on the Preservation of Sandgate Castle, and the proceedings terminated by members passing a resolution in favour of the Protection of Ancient Monuments Bill, with the addition ot the amendment s1,1ggested at the meeting of the Congress of Al•chmological Societies. Ivl PROCEEDINGS, 1912. It should be added that it was a very great disappointment that it was found impossible to include in the day's visits one to the small Norman church of West Hythe, but a foll descriptive account. of the building by the Rev. G. M. Livett appears in tbe present volume, pp. 251 et seq. · The church, though without a roof, possesses sound walls, and it would seem a good thing to keep in view the possibility in . the future, as population extends westwat·d, of once again restoring it to its former Divine use as a house of prayer, especially as it stands on ground which forms part of the glebe of Lympne. On the second day of the meeting (17th July) the members proceeded firstly to Post1ing Church, which was described by Mr. Aymer Vallance in a Paper which is printed on pp. 193 et seq. of this volume, with some additional notes by the Rev. G. M. Livett. The dedication tablet and the mural paintings·on the south and west walls were examined, as was also a silver vessel which originally belonged to St. Mary and St. Radegund, thence :finally passing into the possession of the Rev. J. G. Glennie, Vicar of Croxton, Staffordshire, who had most.kindly made a free gift of it to the Rector and Churchwardens of Postling. Date of Hall mark 1701-2; it weighs about 5½ ozs., holding half a pint, and up to 1850 was used as a chalice £or Holy Communion in this church of Postling . .At Lyminge the church· of SS. Mary and ...:Ethelburga was described by the Rev. C. Eveleigh Woodruff. Mr. Woodruff said that the site on which the members of the Society were assembled was one of peculiar interest, £or they were standing very near the cradle of English Christianity. JEthelbert, · the first Christiati king of Kent, possessed a country seat with a park or chase at Lyminge. His official residence was at Canterbury, and he had at Reculvei' what in modern phrase 'would be called a seaside villa. .At all three places· there bad been a Roman settlement, and it was not unlikely that in each the ·Saxon king was able to · adapt 'to his use a house built during the Roman occupation .. About sixty years ago the late Canon ,Jenkins.:--who for more than forty years was the faithful pastor of the parish and the zealous investigator and ·expounder of its history-caused excavations · to be made, in the churchyard, which revealed the foundations ot' an· extensive Roman building. ·Canon Jenkins believed that he had uncovered the ruins of a large aisled basilica having a triple apse· at itl/eastern extith was :received. lxii PROCEEDINGS, 1912 . .A. register of Ancient Deeds was presented, together with a Paper written by Mr. Herbert Knocker. Propo,:ed by Mr. Aymer Vallance, seconded by Mr. Wood W ollaston, and carried : " That the report and form and register be accepted; that 500 copies of the form, with slight alteration, be printed; and that a reprint of Mr. Knocker's Paper be made available for purchase at cost price." It was agreed that Mr. Knocker should be asked to undertake the duties of Hon. Registrar. Mr. Knocker's Paper is included in the present volume. Pass-books were produced and cheques drawn. December 11th, 1912.-The Council met, by the permission of the Dean and Chapter, in the Cathedral Lihrary, Canterbury. Seventeen members present. Lord Northbourne in the Chair. The Hon. Secretary reported the anonymous gift of twenty-one volumes of the Journal of the British Archreological Association, making the Society's set complete with the exception of volumes X. and XI., which volumes the Hon. Secretary was instructed to purchase. A.t the suggestion of Mr. A. A. Arnold, Mr. F. H. Day was unanimously elected a Member of the Council vice A . .A.. Arnold, elected a Vice-president. It was agreed that .1.l:lcmM•ials of Ca1itcrbury; Oathedral, by Messrs. Woodruff and Danks, should be purchased £or the Library. A letter was read from Mr. A . .A. Arnold call_ing attention to damage to the ancient inscription at Cooling Castle. The ease with which this could take place was confirmed by Mr. L. Duncan, and the Hon. Secretary was instructed to write to Mr. Arnold a letter of thanks, with a request that he should endeavour to stop the mischief by interviewing landlord or tenant. A letter was read from Major Lambarde respecting the condition of the ruins of Maplescombe Castle. Mr. Colyer-Fergusson stated that he was already taking steps to remove any cause a£ complaint. The Hon. Secretary reported that, in conjunction with some local members, he was endeavouring to arrange £o1· some monumental record at Shipway Cross to mark the probable site of the ancient Court of Shipway. It was unanimously agreed that Mr. W. J. Mercer, Hon. Local Secretary Margate District, should be asked to withdraw his· resignation tendered. The following were elected Ordinary Members : Lieut,-Oolouel PROOEEDINGS, 1912. lxiii R. H. Bond, C. Cressy, A. U. M. Lambert, A. J. Phillips, E. Duveen, J. Duveen, C. Clouting, H. R. Atchison, Hon. Mrs. Wilfred James, Miss Guiuness, and the Librarian, Sevenoaks Free Library. A. motion, "That the Local Secretaries be relieved of the duty of collecting subscriptions, and that the said duty be vested in the Financial Officer of the Society,'' was discussed au􀅄 rejected. The Hon. Secretary reported the following resolution passed at a meeting of Local Secretaries, held at his invitation at Maidstone No\'ember 30th ult.: "1'his meeting, consisting of nine Local Secretaries present, recommends to the Council of the Kent Arcbreological Society 'That the rearrangement of the Local Districts, as proposed by Mr. Knocker and printed, be adopted with any slight necessary modincationa.'" Mr. Knocker formally moved the adoption of the scheme, aud proposed that a memorandum should be prepared concerning the duties of Hon. Local Secretaries, method of collecting subscriptions, the procedure followed on the election of new members, and concerning certain retums which he suggested should be made by the Local Secretaries. This was seconded by Mr. Leland Duncan and carried. The following committee was appointed to draw up the memorandum : Mr. Cooke, Mr. Livett, Mr. Hannen, 11,nd Mr. KnockeL'. It was unanimously agreed that the next Annual Meeting should be held at Westerham and Edenbridge. Mr. Woodruff reported on the state of the tumuli in Gorsley Wood, and referred to wall-paintings lately removed from Stodmarsh Court to South Kensington, which he hoped might be rept·oduced in A1·clt(1Jologia Oantiana. The matter of the twmuli was left to Mr. Woodruff's discretion.

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