General Index

356 general iNDEX Illustrations are denoted by page numbers in italics or by illus where figures are scattered throughout the text. The letter n following a page number indicates that the reference will be found in a note. The following abbreviations have been used in this index: aka – also known as; Bt – Baronet; C – century; Capt. – Captain; Cllr – Councillor; d. – died; E. Sussex – East Sussex; fl. – floruit; G. London – Greater London; Hon. – Honourable; jnr – junior; LCDR – London, Chatham and Dover Railway; Oxon ‒ Oxfordshire; snr – senior; W. Sussex – West Sussex; Warks. ‒ Warwickshire. Arundel, earl of see Fitzalan, Richard Ash cum Ridley, Scotgrove manor 20 Ashdowne family 5 John 10 Richard 13 Ashford, railway station 142 Assheton, John 177, 184, 185 Aucher, Sir Anthony 324 Audley, Hugh 71 Australia, New South Wales 330, 331 Ayerst, Dr ‒ 246n15 Baker, George 141 ballista bolt 43 Bapchild, defences, C20 168 Barde, Peter 65 Bargrave, Dean Isaac 321–2 Barham, Barham Down, earthworks 35 Barker, Cllr Joseph 132, 141–2, 143–4 Barling, John Smith 249 Barming, stationmaster 132 barn, medieval 176, 177 Barnes, John 250 Barnwell, Paul 6 Bartram, Claire (ed.), Kentish Book Culture: Writers, Archives, Libraries and Sociability 1400‒1660, reviewed 342–4 Bates, Martin see Wenban-Smith, Francis, Stafford, Elizabeth, Bates, Martin, & Parfitt, Simon Battle Abbey (E. Sussex) 68 Beck, Jimmy 82 Beecher, Edward 16 Beecher, James 7, 13 Beecher, Joan (née Combridge) 16 Beecher, John 7 Bekesbourne with Patrixbourne, Patrixbourne, Bifrons 112 A21, dualling scheme, excavations background and location 188–90, 189 discussion 210–15 excavation evidence 192 Mesolithic 191, 193 Neolithic 194 Bronze Age 194–7, 195 late Iron Age‒Roman 197–200, 198, 201 Iron Age and medieval firepits 200–8, 204– 7 medieval 208–10, 209 specialist reports charcoal 223–4 flint 216–19, 217 insect remains 229–31 pebble hammer 219–21, 220 plant remains 227–9, 227 pollen analysis 221–3, 224–6 radiocarbon dates 221, 222 abbeys/monastic houses see Battle; Boxley; Canterbury (Christ Church; St Augustine); Maxstoke HMS Acteon 158 adze, ?Iron Age 39, 55n22 airfields see Detling; Eastchurch; Leysdown; Manston; Sheerness; Throwley; Westgate under Margate HMS Ajax 164 Allen, Tim G., ‘Prehistoric to Medieval Discoveries along the A21 Tonbridge‒Pembury Dualling Scheme’ 188–234 Allhallows, defences, C20 152, 153, 154, 158 Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants 137, 138, 143 animal bone, Roman 283 Antigua 105–6, 113 antler fragments, Roman 263; see also tool, antler anvil, ?Iron Age 39 GENERAL INDEX 357 Bell, Matthew 251 bells, Boxley 181–3 Berwick, John de 5 Besant, Annie 137 Bigbury Camp, recent research background and location 31, 32–3 defences and finds 35–9, 36, 37, 38 description earthworks in Homestall and Willows Wood 42–7, 43, 44, 45, 46 earthworks in South Blean 40–1, 41 earthworks west of Denstead Bowl and north of A2 41–2 outer works 39–40 discussion 47–50 previous research 34–5 topography and landscape history 34 billhooks, Iron Age/Roman 55n21 Birchington, Minnis Bay, Iron Age and Roman finds 81, 83 Pit Group 1 (illus) 82–90 Pit Group 2 (illus) 90–8 Pit Group 3 (illus) 99–103 Birsty, Anne (née Streatfeild) 8, 9 Birsty, William 8, 9, 11, 14, 16 Bishopsbourne, Charlton Park (previously Place) 107, 108 Black Prince, tomb of 302–3 Blackman, Elizabeth 331 Blackman, Elizabeth (née Harley) 331 Blackman, James 330–1 Blackman, James jnr 331 Blackman, John 331 Blackman, Samuel 331 Blackman, William 331 Blaise, St 303 Bland, William 250 HMS Blazer 158 Blean, earthworks 31, 34, 40–1, 48–9 Blomer, Dr ‒ 246n15 Blount, Thomas 60 Bobbing defences, C20 168 Iden family 314 Boden, Damien, & Weekes, Jake, ‘Near the Heart of Romano-British Durovernum: Excavations at 70 Stour Street, Canterbury’ 286–97 bone, polished, Roman 268 Borden, defences, C20 168 Boughton-under-Blean, defences, C20 169 Boughton Malherbe, Wootton family 20 Bourne, River, palaeochannels excavation evidence 208–10, 209, 214–15 insect remains 229–31 plant remains 227–9, 227 pollen analysis 224–6 Boxley Boxley Abbey Court of Augmentations accounts 179–85, 180 history and dissolution 176–8, 177, 182 Rood of Grace 176–7, 177–8, 178, 183 defences, C20 156 manor 186n13 Boycot, Thomas 326 Boycot, William 326 Boys, John 325n18 brasses, memorial Penshurst 316–18, 317, 319 Warminghurst (W. Sussex) 317 Brasted, manor 21 Braylys, William 248 Bredgar, defences, C20 168 bricks, clay, triangular 48, 55n18; see also ceramic building material Bridge, Bridge Place 112 Bridges, Edward J. & wife 250–1 Brightred, William and Petronella 1 Brindle, Stephen see Pattison, Paul, Brindle, Stephen, & Robinson, David M. brooches, Iron Age/Roman 83–4, 96–8, 97, 98, 102 Brook, Brook Street 15 Brooker, William 23 Browne, Edward 325n18 Browne family of Wealden iron founders 318 John 312, 319 Thomas 312, 319 bucket staves, Roman 83 buckles, ?Roman 39, 55n19 HMS Bulwark 154 Burchell, Major 90 Burghersh, Bartholomew the elder 68 Burghersh, Bartholomew 66, 73 Burghersh, Robert 63–4, 66 burials Iron Age/Roman 39, 48, 49, 55n18 Roman 102–3, 102 burnt mound, Bronze Age 194–7, 195, 211–12, 221, 222 Burntwick Island, defences, C20 158 butchery, Roman 283 Cade, Jack 312, 314, 315–16, 319 Camden, William 34 camp, Roman 48, 49 Canada 331 Canterbury Adelaide Place, excavations 286, 293–4, 295 archbishops of see Chichele, Henry; Juxon, William; Lanfranc; Meopham, Stephen; Stafford, John; Stratford, John; Tenison, Thomas; Theobald; Walter, Hubert GENERAL INDEX 358 Canterbury (cont.) Beaney House of Art and Knowledge, pilgrim souvenirs 299–310 Beer Cart Lane, excavations 286, 294, 296 Blue Boy Yard, excavations 286, 293 Castle Street, excavations 194, 286, 295 Christ Church Becket shrine 302–3, 307 chapel of Our Lady of the Undercroft 302 library 321–6 maps 326–30, 328–9 possessions 235–52 tomb of Black Prince 302–3 Eastbridge Hospital, pilgrim souvenirs 300 Greyfriars Chapel, pilgrim souvenirs 300 Hales Palace estate map 326–30, 328–9 origins 49, 50, 58n59 royal palace 327 St Augustine’s Abbey grounds 327 St Cecilia celebration 112 St Thomas Hill, earthworks 31, 47 Stour Street No. 68, excavations 286, 295 No. 69A, excavations 286, 293–4, 295, 296 No. 70, excavations background and location 286, 287, 288 discussion 296–7 excavation evidence 286–92, 289 interpretation 292–6, 293 town burgage 22 Westgate, pilgrim souvenirs 300 Capel, Castle Hill 190, 201, 213; see also A21 dualling scheme Carly, Dr ‒ 241 Carr, Roy 90 Carter, Michael, ‘The Late Monastery of Boxley in the Countie of Kent: Court of Augmentations Accounts for the Dissolving of Boxley Abbey’ 176–87 Carter family 13 Casaubon, Meric 323, 324 Castle Hill see under Capel castles see Dover; Rochester Catchpole, Margaret 331 cattle goad, ?Roman 55n18 cauldron equipment, Iron Age 48, 55n18 ceramic building material, Roman Canterbury 290, 291, 292 Chart Sutton 268 Kemsing 282 Minnis Bay 87, 87, 99 chains, slave 39, 55n21 Chamber, Geoffrey 176, 177–8, 179, 183, 185 channel, wooden, Iron Age 86, 87 charcoal A21 223–4 Shadoxhurst 122–4, 127 charcoal production 213–14 chariot, Iron Age 48 Charnels, Agnes de 72 Chart Sutton Cheynes Court (aka Donyngbury) 312, 318 Roman building, revisited background 253–4 coins 264, 266–7 discussion 267–71 draft excavation report by V.J. Newbury 254–64, 254–5, 256 figurine 257–8, 257 pottery 258–62, 258, 259, 260–2, 263, 264–6 small finds 263 Chartham church of St Mary, memorial 107–11, 109–11 Denstead Wood, earthworks 40, 41, 48, 49 earthworks 31, 40, 47, 49 finds, Roman 48 Fright Wood, earthworks 40 Hunstead Wood 40 Mystole 107 Chatham, naval base defences 149, 150, 172 World War 1 153, 158, 160 World War 2 164 Cold War 170 Chester-Kadwell, Brendan (ed.), Burnham Norton Friary. Perspectives on the Carmelites in Norfolk, reviewed 345–6 Cheyne family 318 Alexander 313, 318 Robert 70 Chichele, Henry, Archbishop of Canterbury 321, 323 Chichele, Thomas 313 Chiddingstone Benge Land 28n87 Bore Place 8, 12, 28n87 Bough Beech Farm 15, 17 Burwash manor 23 Butt House 9 Cobham manor 23 Coldharbour 16, 18 Delaware 12, 15 Gilridge 11 Helde House 4, 14 High Street House 4, 9, 14, 17 Hill Hoath 4–5 Little Brownings 16 Lockskinners 4, 7, 9, 13, 17, 19 Moreden 19 Princkham’s Farm 12–13 rector 238 road to Sundridge 4 Somerden 4 Stonelake 23 Towers Cottage 22, 23 GENERAL INDEX 359 Chiddingstone (cont.) Tye Haw, ownership Hayward family 1, 4, 8, 13 post Hayward family 8, 9, 11, 13‒14, 16, 17, 20 Tyehurst description 4, 4 manor/farm 1, 11–12 Vexour 7, 23 Wickhurst 7 wills 18 Withers 4–5, 16, 19 Chiddingstone Hoath (Rendsley Hoath) 4, 10, 13 Children, George 15, 17, 18 Children, George jnr 15 Children, John 17 Childrey, Joshua 325n18 Chilham Chilham Castle 34 Julliberrie’s Grave 34 Perry Wood, earthworks 41 Cinque Ports manorial structure 21–2 warden 63–4, 65–6, 74, 75 Clancey, Rose 253 Clark, ‒ 142 Clark, Peter 2 book review by 333–4 Clarke, Humphry 248 Clarke, Mary 248 Clarke, Walter 248 Clifton, Gervase 315–16 Clinton, John, lord of Maxstoke 60 Clinton, William, Earl of Huntingdon (d.1354) 60, 74–5 governance of Kent 71–4 marriage, lands and legacy 60–3, 62 military service 66–70 seal of 61 warden of Cinque Ports and Constable of Dover 63–6 Cobb, Law 241 Cobbett, William 238 Cobham, John 72 Cock, John 251n8 coins Iron Age 290, 290, 296 Roman 253, 264, 266–7, 292 Cold War, defences 170–2 Collard, C. 251 Collard, David 250, 251, 252n29 Collard, George 250, 252n29 Collard, H. 251 Collard, T. 251 Combridge family 5 Anthony 11, 16, 18 Francis 16, 17, 18 Oliver 7 Robert 16 Condy, Ellis 65 Copynger, Thomas 240 Corbett (Corbet), Elizabeth 107 Cornellys, Daniel 249 Cornwallis, Fiennes 139 Cowden Cowden Lewisham manor 22 gavelkind 7 Somerden 4 Waystrode 22 Crisp (Crysp), Sir Henry 240 Cromer, Elizabeth see Fiennes Cromer, William 312, 315–16, 319 Cromwell, Thomas 176, 178, 179 Crowmer, Dorothy 16 Crysp see Crisp Culpepper family 70 John 77n34 Custumal of Kent 5 Dalby, Thomas 251n5 Daniels, Albert 253 Darryngton, Richard 248 Davy, John 315 Detling airfield 156, 159, 164, 170 defences, C20 156 Dewer, John 239, 240 dialect, Kentish 330-32 dining culture, LCDR 1888‒99 132–47 Dobbes, John, Abbot of Boxley 176 Doddington, defences, C20 168 Dodsworth, Roger 323, 324 Dodyngton, Thomas 248 Donyngbury see Chart Sutton Douglas, Sir Charles 154 Dover castle 21, 63, 64–5, 66, 75 defences, C20 158 town burgage 22 Drayton, Michael 26n30 HMS Dreadnought 158 Dromund 65 Drury, Richard and Lucy 314 Dryland, Richard 240 Dugdale, William 62–3, 323–4 Dunkirk Church Wood, earthworks 42, 49 defences, C20 163, 164, 165, 167, 171 Fishpond Wood, earthworks 42 Joan Beech Wood, earthworks 31, 40 Manson Wood, earthworks 42 Dyerton, John 240, 248 Dyke, Sir John 22 GENERAL INDEX 360 Ealdbeorht 54n5 Eales, Richard, book review by 336–8 Eastchurch airfield World War 1 153, 158, 159, 159 interwar years 162, 163 World War 2 164, 167, 169 defences, C20 154, 162, 167, 169 Eastling, defences, C20 168 Edenbridge gavelkind 10 Hasted on 22 mill 9 Somerden 4 Edenne see Iden Edith, St 273–5 Edmund, King 235 Edward I 63–4, 66, 71 Edward III 59–75 Edwards, Elizabeth, book reviews by 342–4, 346 Egerton, Dr ‒ 246n15 Elizabeth I 239, 248 Eloy family 237 Margaret 247n19 Peter St 236, 238, 247n33, 249 Eltham (G. London), Shooter’s Hill, Harley estate 331 Elton, Charles 5, 18 enclosures Iron Age 42–6, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49 Iron Age/Roman 197–200, 198, 201, 212–13 Erasmus, Desiderius 307 evacuation, World War 2 166 Eve, Mr ‒ 242 Everest family 5, 13 Thomas 9, 17 Thomas jnr 9 Thomas, son of Thomas jnr 9 William 9 Everitt, Alan 2, 6 D’Ewes, Sir Symonds 323 Fagg (Fagge) family Charles 107 Sarah 107–10, 112 Sir William 107 Fane see Vane fastener, Roman 263 Faversham air raid 160 Davington, Nashes estate 235 defences, C20 161, 162, 167, 169 drill hall 150 emergency hospital 166 Faversham, Thomas 72, 73 Fawkham, manor 312, 314, 318 Fawkham family 318 ferrule, ?Roman 55n19 field systems medieval 125–7, 126, 128–30, 129 not dated 41 Fiennes, Elizabeth 312, 313, 314–15, 318–19 Fiennes, Sir James, Lord Saye and Sele 312, 315 Finch see Fynche fire-dogs, Roman 48, 55n18, 55n20 firepits, Iron Age and medieval charcoal 223–4 excavation evidence 200–8, 204–7, 213–14 Fitzalan, Richard, Earl of Arundel 60, 63, 68 FitzWilliam, Henry 235 Flackton, William 112 flint early prehistoric 122 Mesolithic 191, 193, 210–11, 216–19, 217 Neolithic 191, 194, 219 floor tile, post-medieval 127 Fogg, Richard 325n18 Forbes, James Staats 146n40 Fordwich, Boycot family 326 Fox, Paul A., Great Cloister: A Lost Canterbury Tale. A History of the Canterbury Cloister, Constructed 1408‒14, with Some Account of the Donors and their Coats of Arms, reviewed 340–2 Frere, S.S. 50 Frognale, Thomas 248 Fynche, William 240 Garnet, Sir Henry 72 Garnet, Joan 72 Gatewyk, Richard de 20 gavelkind, 1550‒1700 1–5 avoidance 13–14 disgavelling 20–1 extent of gavelkind lands 21–3 joint purchase 17 new lands 23 settlements 14–16 wills 17–19 common law of Kent 5–6 discussion 24 in Somerden Hundred 3–4, 3 age of majority 8 alienation 8–9 courts 11–13 dower 10 felony, rule on 6‒7 freehold land 11 partible inheritance 9–10 wardship 7 Gervase of Canterbury 326 Gibbons, Vera & Trevor, ‘The Middle/Late Iron Age and Roman Finds made by Antoinette Powell-Cotton on the Foreshore and Cliff Top at Minnis Bay, Birchington’ 81–104 GENERAL INDEX 361 Gillard, Mr ‒ 242 glass fragments, Roman 263, 284 glass vessel, Roman 40 Glover, Joan 74 Glover, Mary 16 Goacher, Deborah, ‘The Roman Building at Chart Sutton Revisited’ 253–72 Golstone, Thomas, Prior 251n5 Grain, defences, C20 149 pre-World War 1 152, 153 World War 1 154, 158, 159, 160 Cold War 171 Grandison, Otto de 72 Grant, Thomas & Sons 141 Gratwick, Edward 139–40, 142, 143–4 Gravener, G.W. 250 Graveney with Goodnestone Cleve Marshes, decoy 166 defences, C20 158 Gravesend, railway station 139 Grenestrete, Peter 248 Grenestrete, Robert 240 Griffiths, Mr ‒ 323, 325 Grim, Edward 303, 304 Guildford family 316 Hackington Hales Place 327 Place House 327 Hadlow, mill 9 Halden family 317–18 Hales, Anne (née Wootton) 327 Hales, Sir Edward (2nd Bt) 327 Hales, Sir Edward (3rd Bt) 327 Hales, Sir John (d.1744) 327 Hambrook, Thomas 251 Hamper, William 323 Hampton, John 65 Hanley, Simon 70 Harbledown earthworks 31 Homestall Wood 42–6, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49 Rough Common 31, 47 Willows Wood 43, 44, 46–7, 49 hollow-way 46 see also Bigbury Camp Hardy, C.W. 140 Harley, Elizabeth 331 harness fittings Iron Age/Roman 37, 37, 39, 48, 55n18, 55n20, 55n21 Roman 263 Harrington, Duncan ‘The Manor of Elverton in the Parish of Stone next Faversham’ 235–52 book review by 340–2 Hartlip, defences, C20 168 Harty, Isle of defences, C20 158 ferry 149 Harvey, Robert 312 Hasted, Edward 22, 235, 236 Hastings, John, Lord Hastings 60 Hayward family 5, 7, 8, 9, 13 Charles 1, 8 Erasmus 1 Joan 1 John 27n62 Petronella (née Brightred) 1 Richard snr 7, 9, 13 Richard 1, 8 Thomas 1, 4, 6–7 Thomas jnr 1 Heathfield (E. Sussex) 315, 319 Hegham, James 70 helmet fragments, ?Iron Age 39, 48, 55n22 Hendley (Henley), Walter 177, 183, 185 Henry VIII 177 Herne Bay, Beacon Hill 153 Hever Brocas manor 23 Cobham manor 23 Cords 15 Gabriels 15 Hever manor 21, 23 How Green 15 Seyliards 15 Somerden 4 Higham family 70 Hildesley, Mark 322 Hill, Francis 326, 327 Hill, Jared, map by 326–7, 328–9 Hill, Thomas 326 hillforts see Bigbury Camp; Castle Hill under Capel hobbles, iron 48, 55n21 Holcombe, Dr ‒ 246n15 Hollar, Wenceslas 324 hollow-way 46 Holman, James et al, Medieval New Romney a Town Shaped by Water: The Archaeology of the First Time Sewer Scheme, reviewed 336–8 Home Defence Army 155 Home Guard 169, 171 Hoo St Werburgh Kingsnorth, airship base 159 Lodge Hill, defences 153 manor 186n13 Hooper, Nicholas 13 Hopkins, Darren, ‘Examples of Kentish Dialect in James Blackman’s Letters to the Governor of New South Wales, 1806’ 330–2 horse bits, Iron Age/Roman 55n18, 55n21 Hosking, Robert 250 Hothfield, ?capture of Jack Cade 315, 319 GENERAL INDEX 362 Hull, Felix 5, 6 Huntingdon, earl of see Clinton, William Hussey, R.C. 35 Hyde, Archer & Co 141 Iden (Edenne) family 311–12, 311 Alexander (d.1457) 312–13, 314–16, 318–19 Alexander (son of Thomas) 312, 317–18 Alexander of Westwell (d.1515) 313–14 Alice 312 Ann 312, 314–15 Anne (Agnes) 316 Edmond 312 Eleanor 312, 314–15 Elizabeth (née Fiennes; Cromer) 312, 313, 314–15, 318–19 Elizabeth (daughter of Alexander) 312, 314–15 Jasper 312 Joane 316, 317 John of Westwell 313 Paul 312, 313, 315, 316–19 Robert 312 Sicelie 312 Thomas (father of Alexander) 312, 313–14, 318 Thomas of Westwell (d.1498) 313 Thomas of Stoke (d.1511‒12) 312–13, 314– 15, 317–19 William 312, 317 Ingles Anthony 235 Elizabeth (née Jones) 235 insect remains 214, 229–31 Invicta legend 5–6 iron ore 125 Ironside, General W.E. 167 ironworking sites Iron Age 39, 49 Iron Age/Roman 124–5, 197–9 Iron Age‒medieval 40 not dated 42 Isabella of France, Queen 60 Isley family 22 Sir Henry 21 Sir John 7 Iveson, Jon, book review by 338–40 Iwade, defences, C20 164, 168 James, William 241 James of Dieppe 68–9 Jemmett family 10 Richard 15 Robert 15 Timothea 10, 12, 15 Jessup, Andronicus 19 Jessup, Nathaniel 19 John (King) 20 John Alfonso de Tanyle 65 Johnson, Rauff 240 Johnson, Thomas 324 Jolliffe, J.E.A. 2 Jones, ‒ of Folkestone 136–7 Jones, Isaac 235 Julius Caesar, G. 34–5, 48, 50 Juxon, William, Archbishop of Canterbury 325 Kemsing Church Hall site, excavation background and location 273–5, 274, 275 discussion 283–5 excavation evidence 276–80, 277–8 finds 280–3 church of St Mary 275 Dynes Road, excavation 273 The Keep 275 well 273–5, 284–5 Kent, Nathaniel 247n39 Kent, Pearce & Kent 242 Kentish dialect 330–2 Kettle, Richard 19 Keynes, Simon 6 Killingray, David, book review by 345 King, Daniel 324 King, Philip Gidley 330, 331 Kirke, General W. 167 Kitchener, H.H., Lord 154 Knatchbull, Sir Norton 20 Knights Hospitaller, Prior of 71 Knorr, Admiral Eduard von 150 Kyriel, Sir John 70 Laberius Durus, Q. 34 Lake, John 250 Lamb, Susan 10 Lambarde, William 5 Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury 321 Langham, George 322 Langley, William, sheriff of Kent 74 Latimer, William 77n34 law and order, C14 71–4 lead fragments, Roman 263 Leicester, earl of see Sydney, John Leigh Beechers 13 Carter family 13 Ensfield manor 21 Moreden 13 Somerden 4 Lennard, Thomas, Earl of Sussex 21 Leybourne, Juliana (d.1367) 60–2, 74 Leysdown airfield 159, 162, 164 Harty Ferry 165–6 Shellness 164, 167 GENERAL INDEX 363 Lloyd, Donald see Smith, Kathryn, & Lloyd, Donald Lockyer brothers 9 Lomherst, Stephen 181 London Charterhouse 323, 325 Gurney House 322, 323, 325 Newcome’s school 105 London, Chatham & Dover Railway, dining culture 1888‒99 132–47, 135 London Air Defence Area 159–60, 162 loom weight, Iron Age 99 Lower Halstow, defences, C20 158 Luddenham Luddenham Court, defences, C20 168 Nashes estate 235 Lyle, John 71 lynch pins 39, 48 Lynsted, defences, C20 169 macehead see pebble hammer/macehead McFarlane, Bruce 59 Maidstone LCDR annual dinner 132–4 railway stations 134, 139 railway workers strike 138 typhoid 141–2 Mancktelow, ‒ 139 Mann, Sir Horace 105, 112 mansio? 253, 254, 269 Manston, airfield 159 maps, Canterbury 326–30, 328–9 March, earl of see Mortimer, Roger Margate, Westgate airfield 159 manor 67 maritime disorder, C14 65–6 Marshal, Edward 247n19 Marshall, P., ‘The Kentish Associations of a Great West Indian Planter; Sir William Young (1725‒1788) and his Monument at Chartham’ 105–17 Marsham, Sir John 326n25 Marvyn, Thomas 240 Masters, John White 331 Matthews, T. 139 Maxstoke (Warks.) Clinton family 60 priory 60, 62 Medway, River, defences, C20 149, 150 pre World War 1 151, 152, 153 World War 1 154, 155 interwar years 161, 162 Melleman, John 248 Meopham, vicar 19 Mepham, Stephen, Archbishop of Canterbury 73 Mileham, Charles 238 military and civil defences, C20 see Swale District military community, C14 69–70 mills see under Hadlow; Edenbridge; Tonbridge millstone fragments, Roman 93, 99 Milstead and Kingsdown, defences, C20 168 Milton Regis see under Sittingbourne Minnis Bay see under Birchington Minot, Laurence 68 Montgomery, General B. 169 Morant, William 73 Morgan, Giles 250 Mortimer, John 315 Mortimer, Roger, Earl of March 60 Morton, Robert 239 moulds Iron Age 99–101, 101 medieval 301–2, 301 Moulton (Multon), Robert 241 mulberry tree, Elverton 239 Multon see Moulton Murimuth, Adam 68–9 nail cleaner, Roman 39, 48, 55n22 nails Iron Age/Roman 103, 125 Roman 263, 268 Needham, Stuart see Parfitt, Keith, & Needham, Stuart Neilson, Nellie 5, 24 Newbury, V.J. 253, 254 Newington next Sittingbourne, defences, C20 168, 169 Newman, Timothea (née Jemmett) 15–16 Newnham defences, C20 168 Newnham Court manor 186n13 Nicholls, Hayley, ‘Evidence of a Late Iron Age/Early Roman Settlement and an Early Medieval Strip Field System at Shadoxhurst’ 118–31 Nicolas, Sir Nicholas Harris 69 Nore anchorage 149 Northbourne, Ham manor 67 Northwood, John 70 Northwood, Roger 70 Norton, Norton Ash, defences, C20 168 Norton family of Sutton Valence 318, 319 Stephen 312, 314 Oare, defences, C20 150, 158, 162, 168 Odingsells, Ida 60 Offa, King of Mercia 54n5 Okenden (Okeden), Anne 239 Okenden (Okeden), John of Canterbury 248 Okenden (Okeden), John of Lenham 248 oppidum, Canterbury 296 opus signinum 292 GENERAL INDEX 364 Orlaton, William 70 Ospringe, Maison Dieu 240 Otford, honour of 23 Owen Committee 1905 152–3 Oxford (Oxon) Canterbury College 321 earl of see Vere, John de oyster shells, Roman 283, 290, 291, 292 padlock, Roman 39 Parfitt, Keith, & Needham, Stuart, Ceremonial Living in the Third Millennium BC: Excavations at Ringlemere Site M1, Kent, 2002‒ 2006, reviewed 334–6 Parfitt, Simon see Wenban-Smith, Francis, Stafford, Elizabeth, Bates, Martin, & Parfitt, Simon patera, Roman 268 Patrixbourne see Bekesbourne with Patrixbourne Pattison, Paul, Brindle, Stephen, & Robinson, David M. (eds.), The Great Tower of Dover Castle ‒ History, Architecture and Context, reviewed 338–40 Peake, Rebecca, book review by 334–6 Pearce, J.W. 247n39 pebble hammer/macehead 194, 211, 219–21, 220 Pecche, Edmund 70 Pecche, Sir John 70 Pecche, Thomas 70 Pegge, Samuel 331 Pembroke, earl of see Valence, Aymer de Pembury see A21 dualling scheme Pencester, Stephen 63–4 Penshurst church of St John, Iden memorial 311, 316– 19, 317 gavelkind 8 Halemote manor 23 Hawden 7 manor 21 Mapletons 19 new lands 23 Somerden 4 Petham, earthworks 31 Pettman, Thomas 242 Peyton, Sir Thomas 324 Philip VI, King of France 73 Picot, Ralph 235 Piggott family 5 Henry 16, 19 pilgrim souvenirs Black Prince 302–3 Blaise, St 303 Grim, Edward 303, 304 Rood of Grace 178 Thomas Becket see under Thomas Becket, St Virgin and Child 302, 302 Pilgrims’ Way 35, 38, 40, 47, 49, 285 pillboxes World War 1 155–6, 158 World War 2 167 pins Iron Age 39 Roman 263 see also lynch pins piracy, C14 65, 68 Pittman, Susan John Wood and Family, Farmers of the Mount, Crockenhill, reviewed 346 The Lee Family, Farmers at Crockenhill, reviewed 346 The Miller Family, Farmers at Wested Farm, reviewed 346 plant remains Iron Age/Roman 122–4 medieval 127, 215, 227–9, 227 Plot, Dr Robert 34, 50 ploughshares, Iron Age/Roman 39, 55n18, 55n21 pollen analysis 221–3, 224–6 pot-hangers, Iron Age 48, 55n18, 55n21 pottery Bronze Age, Minnis Bay 99, 100 Iron Age A21 200 Homestall Wood 43–5 Minnis Bay (illus) 83, 85, 90, 94, 99, 101, 102–3 Iron Age‒Roman Bigbury Camp 39, 55n18, 55n21, 55n22 Shadoxhurst 122, 124 Roman Bigbury Camp 40 Canterbury 287–8, 290, 291, 292 Chart Sutton (illus) 253, 258–62, 264–6 Kemsing 280–2 Minnis Bay 82–3, 84, 88, 99, 103 medieval A21 208 Shadoxhurst 125 Powell-Cotton, Antoinette, finds made at Minnis Bay 81–104 Preston by Wingham, manor 62, 67 Primrose, Frederick 325n18 Princess Irene 154 Queenborough defences, C20 pre World War 1 151–2 World War 1 155, 158, 161 interwar period 163 World War 2 164, 167, 169 railway station 160 querns, Roman 90, 93, 93 GENERAL INDEX 365 radiocarbon dates, A21 221, 222 railways, Swale 149; see also London, Chatham & Dover Railway; South Eastern Railway Rainsford, John 314 Rainsford, Lawrence 314 Raude, Richard 251n5 Raven, Matthew, ‘William Clinton, Earl of Huntingdon, and the County of Kent: a Study of Magnate Service under Edward III’ 59–80 Reddich, John 12, 13 Rede, Sir Robert 12 Reed, Robert 317 Reedie, Ken 327–30 Relf, ‒ 139 Rendsley Hoath see Chiddingstone Hoath Rice Holmes, T. 35 SS Richard Montgomery 172 rings, iron, Iron Age/Roman 55n19, 83 roads Roman Canterbury 294, 296 Chart Sutton 269 Shadoxhurst 128 C20, Swale 148–9 see also hollow-way; Pilgrims’ Way; trackway; Watling Street Robinson, David M. see Pattison, Paul, Brindle, Stephen, & Robinson, David M. Robinson, Thomas 5 Rochester bishop of see Warner, John castle 21, 72, 316 rod, iron, Iron Age/Roman 55n19 Rolf, William 322 Rooper, John 239, 240, 241 Rose, William 132, 140, 143 round barrows 42, 48 roundhouses Iron Age 198, 199, 212 Iron Age/Roman 122, 123, 124–5, 124 Rowley, Chris, ‘Just a Bit Barmy’. The Princess Christian Farm Colony and Hospital 1895‒ 1995, reviewed 345 Rysbrack, Michael 107–8, 110, 111 St John, Peter de 66 St Laurence family 70 John 70 Ralph de, sheriff of Kent 65 Thomas 70 St Mary Hoo, manor 312, 317, 318 St Vincent 106, 108, 113, 114, 115 Saint-Pol, Mary 64 salt mould 99–101, 101 Sandwich maritime disorder 65–6 port 64 Sandwich, Nicholas 70 HMS Sans Pareil 152 Savage, Ralph 73 Say, Geoffrey 72, 73 Sayer, Nicholas 238 Seade, Richard A. 248; see also Sede Seal, Wilderness 13 Seaman, John 66 Sede, William 248; see also Seade See, John A 240 Segrave, John 72 Selethryth 54n5 Selling, Perry Wood, earthworks 41 Seseres, Peter 65 Sethe, Simon de 248 Setnautz, John 70 Setnautz, William 70 Sevenoaks Bat and Ball station 139 Combe Bank 22 Sewell, Mr ‒ 90 Seyliard family 15, 19, 20 John (d.1559) 15 John, later 1st Bt 16 Margaret 15 Thomas (d.1536) 15 Thomas (C16‒17) 16 Thomas, 3rd Bt 16 William 15, 16 Shackles, Roman 39, 48, 55n20, 55n21, 57n52 Shadoxhurst church of SS Peter & Paul 128 Woodchurch Road, excavations background and location 118, 119, 120 discussion Period 1 (Late Iron Age/Early Roman) 127–8 Period 2 (medieval) 128–30 excavation evidence 121–2 Period 1 (Late Iron Age/Early Roman) 122–5, 123, 124 Period 2 (medieval) 125–7, 126 historical and archaeological background 118–21, 121 Shaw, David, ‘When was Canterbury Cathedral’s Medieval Library Building Demolished?’ 321‒6 Sheerness airfield/kite balloon base 159, 162 Bell Farm, defences, C20 164 East End House 169 Halfway Houses 167 Kingsferry 153, 158, 167 Minster, defences, C20 153, 167 naval base, defences 149, 150, 172 pre World War 1 150–2, 151, 153 World War 1 154–5, 158, 160, 161 GENERAL INDEX 366 Sheerness, naval base, defences (cont.) interwar years 161, 162, 163 World War 2 164, 165, 167, 169 postwar 170–1 Scrapsgate, defences, C20 155, 158, 164 Shelley family 318 Edward 316, 317 Joane (née Iden) 316, 317 Sheppey, Isle of civil and military defences, C20 characteristics 149 description pre World War 1 151–2, 153 World War 1 153, 155–8, 157, 159, 160, 172 interwar years 163 World War 2 167, 168–9, 170 postwar 171 strategic significance 149 emergency hospital 166 Sherman, Capt. ‒ 322, 323 shoes, Roman 88–90, 88 shrines, Roman 294, 295 shuttles, bone, Roman 90, 90 sickles Iron Age 55n18, 55n19, 55n21 Roman 263, 270 Sidley, Sir John 241 Sidney see Sydney Sittingbourne air raid 160 defences, C20 161, 162, 168, 169 drill hall 150 Kemsley, defences, C20 156 Milton Regis (Middleton) Iden family 313–14, 315, 319 prison 74 Murston, Nashes estate 235 slag Iron Age/Roman 124–5 Roman 253, 263, 268 Slater, Edward 251 slavery 105, 106, 111, 114 sling shots 38, 57n45 Sluys, battle of 68–9 Smith, J. 139 Smith, John 241 Smith, Kathryn, & Lloyd, Donald, ‘Alexander Iden, Captor of Jack Cade (1450): his Family and the Evidence of a Memorial in Penshurst Church’ 311–21 Smith, Miles 249 Smith, Samuel 236, 238, 247n33, 249 Smith, Victor T.C., ‘Kent’s Twentieth-Century Military and Civil Defences. Part 5 ‒ Swale’ 148–75 Smith, William 236, 247n33 Snothe, Clement 239, 240 Somerden Hundred, gavelkind 3–4, 3, 24 avoidance 13–23 in operation 6–13 Somner, John 325 Somner, William 5, 6, 18, 321–2, 323–4 sound mirrors 158, 163 South Eastern Railway 134, 135, 136–7, 138, 140–1, 142, 145 Southwell, Richard 178, 179, 181 Sparey-Green, Christopher, ‘Bigbury Camp and its Associated Earthworks: Recent Archaeological Research’ 31–58 spearheads, Iron Age 39, 55n21, 55n22 Spelman, Henry 27n79 spindle whorls, Iron Age/Roman 99 Splarn, Lucy, ‘St Thomas Becket and the Pilgrim Souvenirs in Canterbury’s Collections’ 299– 310 Springet, Robert 215 Sprott, Thomas 26n30 Stafford, Elizabeth see Wenban-Smith, Francis, Stafford, Elizabeth, Bates, Martin, & Parfitt, Simon Stafford, John, Archbishop of Canterbury 318 stakes, Iron Age 86, 87 Stalisfield, defences, C20 168 Statute of Wills 18 Stephenson, Michael 246n17‒18 Stevens, Richard 12–13 Stockbury, Parsonage Farm 168 Stone, John 322 Stone next Faversham church 237 Elverton manor 235–52, 236, 243 Stratford, John, Archbishop of Canterbury 60, 64, 73 Streatfeild family 5, 20 Henry (d.1598) 17 Henry (1586‒1647) 14 Henry (C17) 10 Henry (fl.1700) 11 Henry (d.1747) 11 Richard 8, 9, 17 Sarah 10 Thomas 9 William 12 Sturry, earthworks 31 Styles, William 245 Sundridge Brightred family 1 gavelkind 7 manor 4, 22 rector 238 Surrey, earl of see Warenne, John Sussex, earl of see Lennard, Thomas Sutton Valence, Roman activity 270 GENERAL INDEX 367 Swale, River, defences 149–50 World War 1 153, 154, 158 interwar years 162 World War 2 164, 167 Swale District, military and civil defences, C20 148 boundaries and physical characteristics 148–9 defences described pre World War 1 150–3 World War 1 153–61, 157, 165 interwar years 161–3 World War 2 163–70, 165, 168 postwar 170–2 discussion 172–3 strategic significance 149–50 threats 150 Sweetinburgh, Sheila, book review by 345–6 sword/dagger, Iron Age 55n21 Sydney, Hon. Henry 249 Sydney, John, Earl of Leicester 237, 249 Sydney, Hon. John 249 Tappenden, James 236, 249 Tatham, R.T. 140–1, 142, 143 Taylor, Brook 112 Taylor, Elizabeth 112 Taylor, Iain, ‘Rail, Risk and Repasts ‒ The Dining Culture of the London, Chatham & Dover Railway, 1888‒1899’ 132–47 Taylor, Silas 5 temenos, Canterbury 295–7 Tenison, Ann (née Sayer) 236, 237, 238, 247n19, 249 Tenison, Dr Edward, Bishop of Ossory 236, 237, 238, 249 Tenison, Margaret 246n18 Tenison, Philip, Archdeacon of Norfolk 238 Tenison, Thomas snr 236 Tenison, Thomas (1636‒1713), Archbishop of Canterbury 238 Tenison, Thomas (1702‒42), prebendary 238, 247n19 Tenison, Thomas (fl.1760) 236, 247n33 Territorial Force 150 Terry, Goody 241 Terry, William 247n32 Teynham church of St Mary 237 Conyer 158 defences, C20 168, 169 Thames, River, defences 149, 150 pre World War 1 153 World War 1 154, 155 interwar years 162 World War 2 163, 164 postwar 171 Thanington Without, earthworks 31 theatre, Roman 295, 296 Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury 235 Thomas, M.C.W. 253, 254 Thomas Becket, St, souvenirs 299–300 analysis of head badges 305‒7, 305, 306, 307 dating 304–5 find spots 300–1, 300 manufacture 301–2, 301 types 302–3, 302, 304 Thompson, Hugh 50 Thorne, William 26n30 Throwley, airfield 159, 162, 164 Thurnham, Ripple manor 67 tiles see floor tile; see also ceramic building material timber fragments, Iron Age/Roman 83, 86 Tobago 106, 113, 114 Tonbridge, Bourne Mill 214, 215; see also A21 dualling scheme Tonge, Newbury, defences, C20 168 tool, antler 83, 84 Tottel 5 touchstone 39, 48, 55n22 Towers, John 22 Town Place, defences, C20 168 trackway, South Blean 40; see also Pilgrims’ Way Turnham, Binbury Manor, sound mirror 158 Twisden, Sir Thomas 20, 27n79 Tyrer, Harry & Co 141 tyres, iron, Iron Age/Roman 48, 55n18 Upchurch defences, C20 168, 169 Grete Goseney 313 Wetham Green 164 Urry, William 327 Valence, Aymer de, Earl of Pembroke 60, 64 Valoyns, Stephen 70 Vane (Fane), Ralph 178, 179, 183, 185 Venus figurine 253, 257–8, 257, 268–9 Vere, John de, Earl of Oxford 72 Vine, F.T. 35 Wake, Dr ‒ 246n15 Waldron, Mr ‒ 137 wall plaster, Roman 263 Waller, Jessie 250 Waller, John 236, 241, 245, 247n38, 249–50 Waller, Thomas 250 Waller, William 238, 250 Wallis, Sean, ‘Evidence of a Late Roman Settlement near the Site of the Church Hall, Kemsing’ 273–85 Walpole, Horace 111 Walter, Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury 20 Warden, Warden Point 155–6, 163, 164, 169, 170 GENERAL INDEX 368 Warenne, John, Earl of Surrey 68 Warminghurst (W. Sussex), brass 317 Warner, John, Bishop of Rochester 325 Watling Street, C20 148, 149, 167–8 Webb, William 9 Wedd, Imogen, ‘Gavelkind on the Ground, 1550‒1700’ 1–30 Weekes, Jake see Boden, Damien, & Weekes, Jake Well, William atte 248 wellhead timber 92–3, 92 Wenban-Smith, Francis, Stafford, Elizabeth, Bates, Martin, & Parfitt, Simon, Prehistoric Ebbsfleet. Excavations and Research in Advance of High Speed I and South Thameside Development Route 4, 1989‒ 2003, reviewed 333–4 Westgate see under Margate Westwell, Iden family 313, 315 wheel ruts, Iron Age/Roman 43, 45 whetstone, ?Iron Age 39, 55n22 Whitstable defences, C20 160, 167 Seasalter, defences, C20 154 whorl, chalk 83, 84; see also spindle whorls Wicking, Richard 7 Wilkins, Dr ‒ 246n15 William I 5 William of Ypres 176 William, Robert & Johanne 248 Williams, Cressida, ‘The ‘Hales Palace’ Estate Map (1715) Recovered to Canterbury’ 326– 30 Williams, Sinclair 5–6 Willoughby family 8 Percy 9 Thomas 9, 13, 20 Sir Thomas 20 wills 17–19 Winchelsea (E. Sussex) 67, 68 Winnell, G. 139 withy rope, Iron Age/Roman 94, 97 Wittersham, rector 238 wood, worked, Iron Age/Roman 90–2, 91 Woodgate family 5 John 10 Wootton, Anne 327 Wootton, Edward 20 Wootton, Thomas 327 World War 1, Swale District defences 153–61, 157, 165 World War 2, Swale District defences 163–70, 165, 168 Wyatt, Sir Thomas 186n13 Wyberd, William 322 Wylkhous, Harry 313, 316 Wynne, Cadwallder 249 Yok, Salomon 65 Young family 114 Elizabeth (née Taylor) 110, 112, 113 Mary 106 Sarah (née Fagg) 107–10, 112 William snr 105 Sir William (1725‒88) 105–15 Sir William jnr 107, 110, 112, 114‒15, 116n21