Three sulungs and a fourth at Bromhey with a fishery and swine-pastures, 801

Coenwulf of Mercia and Cuthred of Kent grant to Swithun, minister, for his good service and his money, three sulungs and a fourth one nearby at Bromhey, with the use of a fishery and four swine-pastures (801). A note of Swithun’s bequest of the land to St Andrew’s follows. Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 135v-136v by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Campbell, no. 16. On 135v several words have been underlined in a fainter, brown ink. At 136r there is the annotation ‘bocland’ (‘bookland’) in the right margin, written in a later hand.

Transcription

135v (select folio number to open facsimile)

+ Regnante et adiuuante nos deo et domino nostro
iesu christo, ego coenuulfus gratia dei rex
merciorum, anno v.o imperii nostri, una cum
fratre meo cuðredo rege scilicet cantua-
riorum, dabo in perpetuam possessionem suiðhune
nostro in commune ministro modicam telluris por-
tionem trium scilicet aratrorum ubi nominatur
aet bromgehaege in prouincia cantię, et unius
aratri adiacentem altera terra quod uocatur aeðiluul-
fing lond adiecto uno piscatorio on tæmise
flumine ubi dicitur fiscnæs, adiectis iiii. denbe-
ris in commune saltu id est on cæster sæta walda,
his locis aet otan sihtre, ⁊ aet crangabyrum,
⁊ aet frecinghyrte, ⁊ aet haeseldenne predicto
uiro uel eius posteris sub perpetua libertate
concedimus cum omnibus ad se pertinentibus rebus

136r

pro eius beneplacabile pecunia simul et deuoti fa-
mulatus sui parientia, ut habeat et posside-
at quam diu uiuat, et post se cui uoluerit re-
linquat in sempiternam possessionem eo uideli-
cet iure si ipse nobis et optimatibus nostris fide-
lis manserit minister, et inconuulsus amicus.
+ Ego coenuulfus rex donationem meam signo
crucis confirmo. + Signum manus cuðredi re-
gis cantuariorum. + Signum manus ceolberhti du-
cis. + Signum manus berhthuni et byrnwaldi
comitum. Hoc item secunda die pascę adfirmant
coram rege cuðredo in urbe cantuariorum archiepiscopus
aeðilheard, ⁊ merciorum abbas daeghelm cum
optimatibus quorum hic scripta sunt nomina.
+ Aeðilheard archiepiscopus. + Daeghelm presbiter
abbas. + Heaberht. + Osuulf. + Egnulf. + Alh-
mund. + Beornheard. + Esne. + Ealdberht. + Haehfrið.
+ Ealdberht. + Osmod. + Wiohthert. + Bealðheth.
Quomodo suiðun hanc terram sibi datam a re-
gibus, concessit sancto andreae post obitum suum.
+ Ego swiðun post obitum meum trado terram
huius libelli pro remedio animę meae
omnibusque sibi pertinentibus sancte andreę in perpetuum.
Et si quis augerit, ęternam uitam tribuat ei deus,

136v

si quis tunc minuere uoluerit, mortem supplicium
cum diabolo in ęternum sit passus.

Translation

+ By our reigning and sustaining God, and our Lord Jesus Christ, I will bestow on you by the grace of God King of the Mercians, in the 5th year of our empire, along with my brother Cuthred, King of the Kentishmen, I will give to Swithun our common minister a small portion of the earth, namely, the three plows where he is named Bromhey in the province of Kent, and the land adjoining another one plow, which is called Aeðwulf Land, with the addition of one fishery on the River Thames, where it is called Furs, an addition of 4 in commune saltu id est on cæster sæta walda, in these places at Otan Sihtre, and at Crangabyrum, and at Frecinghyrte, and at Haeselden to the aforesaid man or his posterity, we grant under perpetual freedom with all matters pertaining to him for his good money at the same time also bearing his devout service, that he may possess, and possess as long as he lives, and leave behind him to whomever he wishes to be in perpetual possession by the right, if he himself remain a faithful servant to us and our nobles, and a good friend.

+ I, King Coenwulf, confirm my gift with the sign of the cross.

+ Signed by the hand of Cudred, King of Kent.

+ Signed by the hand of Duke Ceolberht.

+ Sign of the hand of Berthhun and Byrnwald of the community. They also assert this on the second day of Easter before King Cuðred, in the city of Canterbury, Archbishop Aeðilheard, bbot of the Mercians, together with the nobles whose names are here written.

+ Archbishop Aeðilheard.

+ Abbot Daeghelm the presbiter.

+ Heaberht.

+ Osuulf.

+ Egnulf.

+ Alhmund.

+ Beornheard.

+ Esne.

+ Ealdberht.

+ Haehfrið.

+ Ealdberht.

+ Osmod.

+ Wiohthert.

+ Bealðheth.

How Swithun bequethed this land, granted to him by the king, to Saint Andrew’s after his death:

+ I, Swithun, after my death, hand over the land of this book for the relief of my soul and all that belongs to Saint Andrew forever. And if any man should increase, may God grant him eternal life; if any one then wish to diminish, he would suffer death and punishment with the devil forever.

Eighty acres and half a village, and also a marsh, 860 (altered to 790)

King Æthelberht II of Wessex grants to Bishop Wærmund (of Rochester), in return for his money, eighty acres and half a village, and also a marsh, 860 (altered to 790). Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 131r-132r by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Campbell, no. 24. This is probably a copy of the extant tenth-century document, British Library, Cotton Charters, viii. 29.

Fraudulent charter. Campbell: ‘This is a crude forgery. The date was originally 860, and this suits the king and witnesses. But someone has learned (?from 14) the approximate date of Bishop Wærmund, and has altered the date to 790. Whoever altered the date no doubt knew that Æthelberht II of Kent was an eighth-century benefactor of Rochester, but he has still not made his date early enough for that king to be assumed to be the one involved.’

Transcription

134r (select folio number to open facsimile)

+ IN nomine domini nostri iesu christi saluatoris. Si ea
quę secundum decreta canonum ac statuta syno-
dalia salubriter definiuntur, quamuis sermo
solus ad testimonium sufficere possit, at tamen
ob incertam futurorum temporum conditionem fir-
missimis scripturarum indiciis et cautionum

134v

cyrographis sunt roboranda. Quoniam quidem sepe
ex ignorantia, sepe quod est execrabilius ex impro-
bitate contingit ut denegatio rerum uere
et recte gestarum nascatur. Qua propter ego aeðel-
bearht rex occidentalium saxonum seu cantuua-
riorum uuaermundo episcopo trado terram iuris
mei id est xx. æcra, et unum uiculum dimidium
ciuitatis hrobi, et unum mariscum quę ad illum
pertinet, pro eius pecunia quam ab eo accepi, hoc est
xv. pund’, et xxx. mancuso, ut habeat et pos-
sideat, et cuicumque uoluerit illo uiuente seu
moriente ęternaliter tradendam concedo cum
omnibus ad eas rite pertinentibus in minimis
et in maximis notis et ignotis sine fine in
euum permaneat liuera. Si quis uero quod absit he-
redum successorumque meorum hanc nostram piam dona-
tionem immutare aliter uel minuere studue-
rit, sciat se in primis omnipotentis dei iram in-
currere, et uiuentem in hac uita benedictione
carere, et in nouissimo maledictione subia-
cere. Qui uero hęc augenda custodierit,
nichilque inrogarit aduersi, sit benedictus
a domino. Scripta est hęc cartula, anno dominicę
incarnationis dccxc. his testibus qui haec

135r

consentientes subscripserunt, quorum hic nomi-
na infra tenentur asscripta.
+ Ego aeðelbearht rex hanc meam donationem
signo sanctę crucis christi roboraui et subscripsi.
+ Ego ciolnoð archiepiscopus consensi et subscripsi. + Ego
ealhstan episcopus consensi et subscripsi. + Ego Swiðhun
episcopus consensi et subscripsi. + Ego guðheard episcopus
consensi et subscripsi. + Ego dioruulf episcopus consensi
et subscripsi. + Ego æðelred filius regis. + Ego
ælfred filius regis. + Ego uullaf abbas. + Ego uuer-
ferð abbas. + Ego uulfhelm presbiter. + Ego uuer-
enberth minister. + Ego ceolmund minister.
+ Ego eannulf dux consensi et subscripsi. + Ego
oric dux consensi et subscripsi. + Ego uulfhere
dux consensi et subscripsi. + Ego aetheluulf dux
consensi et subscripsi. + Ego humbearht dux consensi
et subscripsi. + Ego uullaf dux consensi et subscri-
psi. + Ego aldred dux consensi et subscripsi. + Ego
æðelred dux consensi et subscripsi. + Ego dryhtwald
dux consensi et subscripsi. + Ego biorhtuulf dux
consensi et subscripsi. Diuisiones supradictę terrę.
Ðanne is >ðer< se leah ðe man ðæt lond mid friðe
haldan scæl. An east healfe sio ealde stræte,
an suð halfe horsum stide, an west halfe

135v

biddanstiorf, an norð halfe pume lond.
Ðanne sind Diuisiones supradicti marisci.
ðæs londes gemæra an west healfe scipfli-
ot, an norð healfe meodowæge, an east hal-
fe liofwinne mearc, ðanne fram cioldry-
ðe londe west be ðare aldan stræte swæ sio
twoentig ęcra.

Translation

+ In the name of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. If those things which according to the decrees of the canons and the statutes of the synods are defined, although speech alone may be sufficient for testimony, because of the uncertain condition of future times, they must be strengthened by the most reliable indications of scriptures and surety bonds. For indeed a fence from ignorance, a fence which is more execrable from impiety, occurs so that the denial of things truly and rightly done is born. For this reason I, Aeðelbearht, king of the Western Saxons, and of the Kentish, give to Bishop Waermund, the land of my right, that is, 20 acres, and one lane, half of the city of Hrobi, and one marsh which belongs to it, for his money which I received from him, this is 15 pounds, and 30 mancuso, that he may have and possess it, and to whomsoever he wills, living or dying, I grant that it may be given eternally, with all that properly pertains to them, in the least and in the greatest, known and unknown, to continue in his possession without end. If any one, who is absent from my heirs and successors, endeavors otherwise to alter or diminish this pious gift of ours, let him know that he will be the first to incur the wrath of Almighty God, and that the living will be deprived of the blessing of this life, and subject to the latest curse. He who shall keep this thing to be increased, and shall ask no question of what is brought against him, may he be blessed by the Lord. This letter was written in the year of the Lord’s incarnation 790. to these witnesses who have subscribed their consent to these things, whose names are here written below.

+ I, King Aedelbearht, confirmed and signed this donation of mine with the sign of the holy cross of Christ.

+ I, Archbishop Ciolnoð, agreed and subscribed.

+ I, Bishop Ealhstan, agreed and subscribed.

I, Bishop Swiðhun, agreed and subscribed.

+ I, Bishop Godheard, agreed and subscribed.

+ I, Bishop Dioruulf, agreed and subscribed.

+ I, Aedelred son of the king.

+ I Alfred the king's son.

+ I, Abbot Olaf.

+ I, Abbot Werferð.

+ I, Uulfhelm the presbyter.

+ I, Enberth the minister.

+ I, Ceolmund the minister.

+ I, Duke Eannulf, agreed and subscribed.

+ I, Duke Oric, agreed and signed.

+ I, Duke Uulfhere agreed and subscribed.

+ I, Duke Aetheluulf, agreed and subscribed.

+ I, Duke Humbearht, agreed and signed.

+ I, Duke Olaf, agreed and subscribed.

+ I, Duke Aldred agreed and subscribed.

+ I, Duke Aedelred, agreed and subscribed.

+ I, Duke Dryhtwald, agreed and subscribed.

+ I, Duke Biorhwulf, agreed and subscribed.

Divisions of the above-mentioned land:

Ðanne is >ðer< se leah ðe man ðæt lond mid friðe haldan scæl. An east healfe sio ealde stræte, an suð halfe horsum stide, an west halfe biddanstiorf, an norð halfe pume lond.

Divisions of the above-mentioned marsh:

Ðanne sind ðæs londes gemæra an west healfe scipfliot, an norð healfe meodowæge, an east halfe liofwinne mearc, ðanne fram cioldryðe londe west be ðare aldan stræte swæ sio twoentig ęcra.

One and a half yokes of land at Rochester for enlarging the monastery, 789

King Offa of Mercia grants to Bishop Wærmund (of Rochester) one and half yokes of land at Rochester for enlarging the monastery (789). Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 133r-134r by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Campbell, no. 13. No rubric. The text begins with a red display initial ‘i’ and is marked by a large, black cross in the left margin.

Translation

133r (select folio number to open facsimile)

+ In nomine domini nostri iesu christi. Omnem hominem
qui secundum deum uiuit et remunerari a deo
sperat et optat, oportet ut piis precibus assen-
sum hilariter ex animo prebeat. Quoniam certum est
tanto facilius ea quę quisque a deo poposcerit consequi
posse, quanto et ipse libentius hominibus recte

133v

postulata concesserit. Quo circa ego offa
rex merciorum tibi uenerabili uuaermundo
antistiti ut diligenter postulasti aliquam par-
ticulam terrę iuris mei id est quasi unius
et semis iugeri in ciuitate hrofi ad augmen-
tum monasterii tui ęternaliter possidendam
concedo ac describo cum omnibus scilicet ad eam
pertinentibus rebus. Hęc autem terrula ab aquilo-
nali et ab oriente ciuitatis iacet, et pertingit
usque ad septentrionalem murum prefatę ciuita-
tis intra terras uidelicet quas antea ab
oriente et occidente possedisti, et ideo haec tibi
satis accommoda quia in medio iacebat. Si quis
autem contra hanc donationem meam aliquando
uenire inuido maliuoloque animo temptaue-
rit, sit in presenti separatus a communione sanctę
ęcclesię christi, et in futuro a societate sanctorum om-
nium segregatus. Manentem hanc kartulam
in sua semper firmitate signo dominicę cru-
cis roboraui, et idoneos testes ut et id ipsum
facerent adhibui. Actum anno dominicę in-
carnationis dcclxxxix. indictione xii.
in loco ubi nominatur celchyth.
+ Ego offa rex merciorum hanc donationem

134r

meam signo sanctę crucis roboraui. + Ego ecgfrið
rex consensi et subscripsi. + Ego iaenberhtus
gratia dei archiepiscopus consentiens subscripsi. + Ego
hygeberht archiepiscopus subscripsi. + Ego ceoluulf
episcopus subscripsi. + Ego heard>red< episcopus subscripsi. + Ego
unuuona episcopus subscripsi. + Ego cyneberht
episcopus subscripsi. + Ego algheard episcopus subscripsi.
+ Ego uuaermund episcopus subscripsi. + Ego eadgar
episcopus subscripsi. + Ego uueohthun subscripsi.
+ Signum manus ealhmundi abbatis. + Signum manus
beonnan abbatis. + Signum manus brordan. + Signum
manus berhtuualdi. + Signum manus aeðilhardi.
+ Signum manus uuigcgan. + Signum manus ceol-
mundi. + Signum manus ceolheardi. + Signum
manus eadbaldi. + Signum manus forðredi. + Sig-
num manus uuigcgan. + Signum manus heaberhti.
+ Signum manus ubban.

Translation

+ In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. Every man who lives according to God, and hopes and desires to be rewarded by God, must cheerfully offer his assent to pious prayers. Since it is certain that the more easily one can obtain those things which God should demand, the more willingly he himself has conceded the right demands to men. About which I, Offa, King of the Mercians, to you, the venerable Bishop Waermund, you have diligently asked for a small piece of land of my right, that is one and a half acres in the city of Rochester, for the growth of your monastery, I grant you to possess it eternally, and describe it with all the things pertaining to it. This small piece of land lies on the north and east of the city, and extends as far as the northern wall of the aforementioned city within the lands which you previously purchased from the east and west, and therefore these things are well suited to you, because it lay in the middle. But if any one should at any time attempt to come up against this gift of mine with an envious and malevolent mind, let him be in the present separated from the communion of the holy church of Christ, and in the future separated from the fellowship of all the saints. I validated this remaining charter in its steadfastness with the sign of our Lord's Cross, and I summoned competent witnesses to do the same. Act in the year of our Lord's incarnation 789, 12th indiction, in the place where Celchyth is mentioned.

+ I, Offa, king of the Mercians, validated this gift with the sign of the holy cross.

+ I, King Ecgfrid agreed and subscribed.

I, Jaenbert, by the grace of God archbishop, consented and signed.

+ I, Archbishop Hygeberht, subscribed.

I, Bishop Coewulf, subscribed.

+ I, Bishop Heardred, subscribed.

+ I, Bishop Unuuona, subscribed.

+ I, Bishop Cyneberht, subscribed.

+ I, Bishop Algheard, subscribed.

+ I. Bishop Waermund, subscribed.

+ I, Bishop Eadgar, subscribed.

+ I, Weohthun, subscribed.

+ Signed by the hand of Abbot Ealhmundi.

+ Signed by the hand of Abbot Beonnan.

+ Signed by the hand of Brordan.

+ Signed by the hand of Berhtwald.

+ Signed by the hand of Aeðilhard.

+ Signed by the hand of Wigcan.

+ Signed by the hand of Ceolmund.

+ Signed by the hand of Ceolheardi.

+ Signed by the hand of Eadbald.

+ Signed by the hand of Forðredi.

+ Signed by the hand of Wigcgan.

+ Signed by the hand of Heaberht.

+ Signed by the hand of Ubban.

Three sulungs at Rochester with the use of six swine-pastures, 811

Coenwulf of Mercia grants three sulungs at Rochester to Bishop Beornmod (of Rochester), with the use of six swine-pastures (811). Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 136v-137v by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Campbell, no. 17. This is probably a copy of the extant ninth-century document, British Library, Cotton Charters, viii. 31.

Transcription

136v (select folio number to open facsimile)

De borcstealle. + IN nomine domini nostri iesu christi.
Regnante in perpetuum eodem deo et domino nostro
iesu christo, ego coenuulf gratia dei rex merciorum,
uiro uenerabili beornmodo episcopo, trado
terram iuris mei id est quasi tria aratra,
ad meridianam plagam ciuitatis quę dicitur hro-
fescester, ut habeat et possideat, et cuicumque
uoluerit illo uiuente seu moriente ęternali-
ter, tradendam concedo. Sunt autem huius tellu-
ris termini notissimi ab oriente uia puplica,
a meridie uuldaham, ab occidente flubius
meduwege, ab aquilone meara teag. Si quis hanc donatio-
nem meam infringere aut minuere temptaue-
rit, sciat se rationem redditurum ante tribu-
nal ęterni iudicis nisi prius deo et hominibus di-
gne emendauerit, et predicta terra sit libera
ab omni regali et seculari seruitio. Adiectis
denberis in commune saltu, otanhyrst, et frae-
cinghyrst, sceorfes stede, crangabyras, wihtherinc
falad sto, et haeseldaen. + Ego coen-
uulf rex merciorum hanc donationem meam

137r

signo sanctę crucis christi confirmaui. + Ego uul-
fred archiepiscopus consensi et subscripsi. + Ego
deneberht episcopus consensi et subscripsi. + Ego
aeðeluulf episcopus consensi et subscripsi. + Ego
sigered rex consensi et subscripsi. + Ego Aelbðrið
regina consensi et subscripsi. + Ego heardberht dux
consensi et subscripsi. + Ego beornmod episcopus con-
sensi et subscripsi. + Ego beornnoð dux consensi
et subscripsi. + Ego cynehelm dux consensi et sub-
scripsi. + Ego eadberht dux consensi et subscri-
psi. + Ego cyneberht propinquo regis consensi et
subscripsi. + Ego coenwald propinquo regis consensi
et subscripsi. + Ego quoenðryð filia
regis consensi et subscripsi. + Ego eanberht
dux consensi ( ) et subscripsi. + Ego aeðelheah
consensi et subscripsi. Scripta est autem hęc kar-
tula anno dominicę incarnationis dccc.a xi.a indi-
ctione iiii.a his testibus consentientibus et sub-
scribentibus.

Translation

Concerning Borstal:

In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. Reigning forever, the same God and our Lord Jesus Christ, I, Coenwulf, by the grace of God king of the Mercians, to the venerable man Bishop Beornmod, I hand over the land of my right, that is, three plows, on the south side of the city which is called Rochester, that he may have and possess it while he was living or dying eternally, I allow it to be handed over. The most well known borders of this earth are on the east a public road, on the south Wouldham, on the west the river Medway, and on the north Meara Teag. If any man shall attempt to infringe or diminish this gift, let him know that he will render account before the tribunal of eternal judgement by God and men unless he first amends worthily, and the aforesaid land is free from all royal and secular service. You will be added into the common forest, Otanhyrst, and Fraecinghyrst, Sceorfes Stede, Crangabyras, Wihtherinc Falad Stand[?], and Haeseldaen.

+ I, Coenwulf, King of the Mercians, have confirmed this gift of mine with the sign of the holy cross of Christ.

+ I, Archbishop Wilfred, agreed and signed.

+ I, Bishop Deneberht, have agreed and subscribed.

+ I, Bishop Edeluulf, agreed and subscribed.

+ I, King Sigared, consented and signed.

+ I, Queen Aelbðrið consented and signed.

+ I, Duke Heardberht, consented and signed.

+ I, Bishop Beornmod, consented and signed.

+ I, Duke Beornmod, consented and signed.

+ I, Duke Cynehelm, consented and signed.

+ I, Duke Eadberht, consented and signed.

+ I, Cyneberht, the King’s propinquo[?] consented and signed.

+ I, Coenwald, the King’s propinquo[?] consented and subscribed.

I, Quoenðryð daughter of the king, consented and subscribed.

+ I, Duke Eanberht, consented and subscribed.

I, Aeðelheah consented and signed. This charter was written in the year of our Lord’s incarnation 811, in the 4th interdiction, with the consent and signature of these witnesses.

Ansgot of Rochester grants tithing from Delce and other privileges to St Andrew’s Priory

Ansgot of Rochester grants tithing from Delce and other privileges to St Andrew’s, Rochester. Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folio 197v by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Scribal note: A pointing finger appears in the lower left margin, probably by a later hand.

Transcription

197v (select folio number to open facsimile)

Ansgotus de roucestra accepit societatem
beneficiorum ecclie sancti Andree et monacho-
rum tempore Gundulfi episcopi et dedit eidem
ecclie et monachis. Totam dedimas sua’
de deltsa. Et de molendino similiter
quod postea fecit.

Totam decimas et quandam particulam terrę q’ in clu-
sa est infra murum monachorum uersus australia
et quinque acros terre uxta prestefelde dedit
eis et ipsi iuxta peticionem sua’ dederint
ei pannos monachicos in articulo moras
sue. Et fecerunt serutau’ pro eo ficua pro
monachorum.

Translation

Ansgot of Rochester received the society and favour of the church of Saint Andrew and the monks in the time of Bishop Gundulf, and he gave to that church and monks the whole of his sue[?] of Delce. And of the mill in like manner which he did afterwards. The whole tenth and a small part of the land which is enclosed within the wall of the monks to the east and gave them the acres of land near Priestfields. They will, according to their request, give him the monks’ cloths at the moment of his delay[?]. And they made seutau’ by means of a ficua[?] for the monks.

Records of Knights/Soldiers of the Rochester episcopate, c.1340

Record of knights/soldiers of the episcopate. Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 217r by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Scribal note: This is not written by the original scribe.

Transcription

217r (select folio number to open facsimile)

De numero militum huic episcopatus
Goffridus talebot .i. militem. Hesto .i. militem.
Godefridus de falcheham .ii. militem. Si-
mon dimidium militem. Rannulfus constabularius
dimiduim militem. Hugo de stoches dimiduim
militem. Margarita dimiduim militem. Willelmi de
meidestane dimiduim militem. Hugo fr’ ei’ dimi-
dium militem. Geroldus fili feran de lameha
dimiduim militem. Willelmi camerarius dimiduim militem.
Gicardus de hedenham debet .iii. partes
uni militem. Osmundus .iii. partes. Gerardus de
stanis .iiii. partes militem. Rogerus de derenteford
.iiii. partem militem. Gerardus de giselham .ii. par-
tes militem. Et Radulfus brutin. terciam. Rodbertus
de uuldeham .iiii. partem miltus. Turstinus de
hallingis .iiii. partem militem. Adam .iiii. par-
tes militem. Inter Willelm de buneuesca. Et Ro[d]bertus;
nepotem .iii. partem militem ita quod Wills
faciet .iii. partes et rodbertus .iiii. Paganus
filius Warin .iiii. partes militem. Tidboldus de
e[a]stuna .i. militem. Wlfgeat de bromlega
.vi. partes militem. Rogeri harag’ .viii.
partem militis.

Translation

Concerning the number of soldiers of the episcopate:

Gosfrid Talebot, one soldier.
Hesto, one soldier.
Godfrey of Falkenham, two soldiers.
Simon, half a solider.
Randulf the constable, half a soldier.
Hugo of Stoke, half a soldier.
Margaret half a soldier.
William of Maidstone, half a soldier.
Hugo fr’ ei’ half a soldier.
Gerald the son of Feran of Lenham[?], Half a soldier.
William the chamberlain, half a soldier.
Richard of Haddenham has three quarters of one soldier.
Osmund, three quarters.
Gerard of Stanis[?], four parts.
Roger of Darenth, four parts of a soldier.
Gerard of Giselham, two parts of a soldier.
And Ralph Brutin[?] the third.
Robert of Wouldham, four parts of a soldier.
Turstin of Halling, four parts of a soldier.
Adam, four parts of a soldier.
Between William of Buneuesca[?], and Robert his grandchild[?], three parts of a soldier so that Wills will make three parts and Robert four.
Paganus, son of Warin, four parts of a soldier.
Theobald of Estuna, one soldier.
Wlfgeat of Bromley, Four parts of a soldier.
Roger Harag’, eight parts of a soldier.

Land in connection with the Church of St Mary’s at Lambeth

William II grants land to St Andrew’s, Rochester, in connection with the Church of St Mary’s at Lambeth. Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 211r-211v by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Transcription

211r (select folio number to open facsimile)

De lamhytha. + QVISQVIS deo seu pro deo aliquid pręstat,
non hoc ipsum a se alienat, sed melius
sibi ipsi in posterum reseruat. Qua
spe ductus ego Willelmus dei gratia rex anglo-
rum trado de iure meo ęcclesię rofensi sancti an-
dreę apostoli ęcclesiam sanctę marię de lamhytha,
de me semper et de successoribus meis cognoscen-
dam et tenendam, cum omnibus quę ad eandem ęcclesiam
pertinent, tam in terris, siluis, aquis, pratis,
quam in omnibus aliis rebus tam intra burgum
quam extra, saca, et socne, toll, et team, cum
aliis consuetudinibus quas comitissa GODA
prius habuit, et ego hactenus in dominio meo
habui. Et hoc concedo pro salute animę meę,
patris mei, et omnium parentum meorum, et pro re-
stauratione damni quod eidem ęcclesię licet
inuitus intuli, pro conquirendis inimicis meis
qui intra iam dictam ciuitatem contra me et
contra regnum meum iniuste congregati erant,
de quibus omnipotens deus sui gratia uictoriam michi
contulit. Hanc ergo donationem propria manu signo
et confirmo, presentibus testibus et assentientibus

211v

de baronibus meis, Thoma archiepiscopo eboracensi,
Rogero comite scropesbyriensi, Henrico comi-
te uuaruuicensi, Henrico de ferrariis,
Rogero bigoto, Iuone taillebosc, Willelmo peurel,
et aliis pluribus.

Translation

Concerning Lambeth:

+ Whoever does anything for God, does not alienate himself from Him, reserves the best for himself for the future. By this hope I, William, by the grace of God king of the English, hand over to my rights to the church at Rochester, the Church of Saint Andrew the Apostle, the church of Saint Mary at Lambeth, always concerning me and my successors to know and hold, with all things that belong to the same church, both on earth, forest, water, meadows and all other things both within the borough and outside, sac, and socne, toll, and team, among other customs which Countess Goda had before, and I have hitherto held it in my dominion. And I grant this for the safety of my soul, of my father, and of all my parents, and for the restoration of the damage which I had, though unwillingly, to that church, for seeking out my enemies who had within the said city unjustly gathered against me and against my kingdom, of whom the grace of Almighty God conferred victory on me. Therefore I confirm this gift with the sign and my own hand, with the present witnesses and assent of my barons, Thomas, archbishop of York, Roger earl of Scropebyry, Henry Earl of Warwick, Henry the blacksmith, Roger Bigot, Iono Tailley, William Peurel, and many others.

Gundulf affirms the grant of land by Odo, Bishop of Bayeux

Gundulf affirms the grant of land by Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, to the Church of St Andrew and its monks. Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 211v-212r by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Transcription

211v (select folio number to open facsimile)

_Gundulfus rofensium gratia dei episcopus, haimo-
ni uicecomiti et omnibus baronibus regis
de cænt francigenis et anglis, salutem et
benedictionem dei et suam quantum potest.

212r

Volo uos omnes scire me iam quietum esse aduer-
sus regem de illa cambitione terrę quam ei promi-
si post uuærram rofę, pro illis tribus acris quos
odo baiocensis episcopus dedit ęcclesię sancti andreę
et monachis nostris ad faciendum ibi ortum suum
iuxta murum deforis uersus australem par-
tem ciuitatis forinsecus, qui iam inclusi sunt
muro circumquaque. Et illos tres acros terrę
quos pro illis tribus dedi regi in cambitionem
liberaui iam ministris uicecomitis, Rodberto
scilicet de sancto amando, et Rodberto latimier,
et ælfuuino fratre eius preposito de cetham, et gren-
toni de rouecestra, de nostra dominica terra de
burchestealla, presentibus testibus istis, Ans-
goto de rouecestra, Gosfrido talebot, Gois-
frido de ros, Radulfo pincerna adę, Rodul-
fo clerico, et aliis multis de nostra familia et
de ciuibus eiusdem uillę.

Translation

Gundulf, by the grace of God, bishop of Rochester, to Hamo the sheriff and to all the king's barons, both French and English, greetings and blessings from God and his family. I want you all to know that I am now at peace with the king on that level of land I promised him after Rochester, for those three acres which the bishop of Bayeux has given to the church of St. Andrew and our monks, to make its origin there by a wall outside on the south side of the city. which were now enclosed in a wall on every side. And those three acres of land, which I gave to the king in exchange for those three, I have already delivered to the ministers of the sheriff, namely, to Robert of Saint Amando, and to Robert Latimer, and to his brother Ellwin, the provost of Etham, and Grenton of Rochester, of our lord's land at Borstal, those present witnesses, Ansgot of Rochester, Geoffrey Talebot, Goisfrid of Ros, Ralph the servant of Adam, Rudolf the clerk, and many others of our family and citizens of the same town.

Donation to Rochester Cathedal of four sulungs at Snodland and Holborough, with a mill, village and various rights, 838

Ecgberht of Wessex grants to Bishop Beornmod (of Rochester) four sulungs at Snodland and Holborough, with a mill, rights of gathering wood, and of pasturing swine in four districts, and a village (838). Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 131r-132r by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Campbell, no. 19. Campbell: ‘The form of this document is unusual. Some of the usual elements of the old English charter are missing; in particular there is no sanction. The document would seem to be an abbreviation of a charter.’ This is probably a copy of the extant, tenth-century document, British Library, Cotton Charters, viii. 30. Note: At the start of the document, in the left margin, there is an annotation in Latin (much later hand) indicating that the exemplar can be found in the Cotton Library.

Transcription

138v (select folio number to open facsimile)

+ In nomine domini De snodilande.
nostri ih’u iesu christi saluatoris mundi, anno dominicę
incarnationis dccc.xxx.viii. indictione i.a
ego ecgbearhtus rex cum consensu dilectissi-
mi filii nostri æðelwulfi regis dabo debotissi-
mo episcopo meo beornmodo aliquam terrę par-
tem iuris mei quattuor aratrorum, in loco quę
dicitur snoddingland et ęt holanbeorge, ut
habeat et possideat, et cuicumque uoluerit re-
linquat, ita ut predicta terra sit liuera ab omni
serbitia. + Scripta est hęc cartula in bica
regali, quę dicitur fręricburna, is testibus consen-
tientibus et subscribentibus quorum infra nomina
tenentur, et unam molinam in torrente qui dicitur
holanbeorges burna, et in monte regis quinqua-
ginta carrabas lingnorum, adiectis quattuor
denberis, hwoętenstede, heahdęn, hese, helman-
hyrst. + Egcberht rex. + Ęðeluulf rex. + Cial-
noð archiepiscopus. + Beornmod episcopus. + Ealhstan
episcopus. + Eadhun episcopus. + Cynred episcopus. + Ceolberht
episcopus. + Wlfheard dux. + Ęðelwulf dux. + Eanulf
dux. + herebearht dux. + Ęðelwulf dux. + Eðelheard, et in oriente

139r

ciuitatis hroui unum uiculum.

Translation

Concerning Snodland:

In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, Savior of the world, in the year of our Lord’s incarnation 838, 1st indiction, I, King Ecgberht, with the consent of our most beloved son, King Æthelwulf, will give to my most deserving bishop some part of the land of my right, four plows, in the place which is called Snodland and at Holborough, so that he may have and possess it, and leave to whomsoever he will, so that the aforesaid land is land free from all servitude.

+ This document was written on the royal plate, which is called Fraericburna, with the consent and signatures of those witnesses whose names are kept below, and one mill in the brook called Holborough Burna, and on the king's mountain fifty carts of firewood, in additional four are to be found, Hwoetenstede, Heahdaen, Hese, Helmanhyrst.

+ Egbert the King.

+ King Aeðelwulf.

+ Archbishop Cialnoð,

+ Bishop Beornmod.

+ Ealhstan

+ Bishop Eadhun.

+ Bishop Cynred.

+ Bishop Ceolberht.

+ Wlfheard the chief.

+ Duke Aeðelwulf.

+ Duke Eanulf.

+ Duke Herebearht.

+ Duke Aeðelwulf.

+ Eðelheard, and in the east of the city, one hamlet.

Two sulungs at Holborough to Rochester Cathedral, 841

Æthelwulf of Wessex grants to Bishop Beornmod of Rochester two sulungs at Holborough (841). Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 139r-139v by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Campbell, no. 20. The text begins with a green display initial ‘R’ and is marked by a large, black cross in the left margin.

Transcription

139r (select folio number to open facsimile)

+ REgnante in perpetuum De holanbeorge;
domino nostro iesu christo, qua propter + ego oeðeluulf
rex occidentalium saxonum dabo et conce-
do + beornmodo hrobensis ęcclesię episcopo aliquam
partem terrę iuris mei, in loco quę appellatur
holanbeorges tuun duo aratrum cum consilio et licen-
tia episcoporum et principum meorum ut habeat et prefruet
in hereditatem sempiternam, et cuicumque uoluerit
relinquat, et sit illa terra liuera ab omne rega-
le seruitute in magnis et minimis notis et
ignotis cum pratis et pascuis et paludis cum
omnibus rebus quę ad illam terram pertinet. Scrip-
ta est hęc scedula, anni domini dccc xli. Indicti-
ne iiii. his testibus consentientibus et subscri-
bentibus, quorum hic nomina continentur. + Ego
ęðeluulf rex hanc meam donationem cum uexillam
sanctę crucis rouorabi et confirmo. + Ego eðelstan >rex consensi et subscripsi. + Ego ealhstan<
episcopus consensi et subscripsi. + Ego helmstan episcopus
consensi et subscripsi. + Ego beornmod episcopus consen-
si et subscripsi. + Signum manus ęðeluulf dux.
+ Signum manus ealchere dux. + Signum manus duduc.
+ Signum manus ęðelmod. + Signum manus uchtred.

139v

+ Signum manus tuca. + Signum manus eðelred. + Sig-
num manus sigbeorht. + Signum manus boba.

Translation

Concerning Holborough:

+ Reigning forever our Lord Jesus Christ, for which I, Æthelwulf, King of the West Saxons, will give and concede to Beornmod, bishop of the church of Rochester, some part of the land of my right, in the place which is called Holborough, tuun two plows, with the council and permission of my bishops and princes, that he may have and free himself for an everlasting inheritance, and leave it to whomever he wishes, and let that land be free from all royal service great and small and unknown, with meadows, pastures, and marshes, with all the things which pertain to that land. This document was written in the year of the lord 841, in the fourth interdiction. With the consent and signature of these witnesses, whose names are contained here.

+ I, King Æthelwulf, confirm this my gift with the sign of the holy cross.

+ I, Ethelstan >king, consent and subscribe. + I, Bishop Ealhstan,< agreed and signed.

+ I, Bishop Helmstan, agreed and subscribed.

+ I, Bishop Beornmod, agreed and subscribed.

+ Signed by the hand of Oeðeluulf.

+ Signed by the hand of Duke Ealchere.

+ Signed by the hand of Duduc.

+ Signed by the hand of Oeðelmod.

+ Signed by the hand of Uchtred.

+ Signed by the hand of Tuca.

+ Signed by the hand of Eðelred.

+ Signed by the hand of Sigbeorht.

+ Signed by the hand of Boba.

Ecgberht of Wessex makes a general grant of privileges to Rochester Cathedral, 823*

Ecgberht of Wessex makes a general grant of privileges to St Andrew’s, Rochester (823). Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 137r-138v by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Campbell, no. 18. Fraudulent charter. Campbell: ‘This is a highly suspicious document. The title rex Anglorum [‘king of the English’] is not used by Ecgberht elsewhere, and the year and indiction do not agree. A vague, general grant of priviliges would be [of] most use in the post-Conquest disputes, and the document may be a forgery of that time.’ Scribal note: On 137v certain words are underlined in brown ink (later hand).

Transcription

137r (select folio number to open facsimile)

De libertate aecclesię
sancti andreę apostoli; + IN nomine domini nostri iesu christi, ego ecgberhtus gratia dei
rex anglorum, cum consensu episcoporum ac principum
meorum hanc libertatem donabi ęcclesiae quę
sita est in ciuitate hrobi et omnibus agellis quę

137v

ad ęcclesiam sancti andreę apostoli pertinent, pro remedio
animę meę et filii nostri aetheluulfi quem regem
constituimus in cantia, ut omnes >agros< sint libera ab
omni regali seruitio, a pastu regum et principum,
ducum et prefectum exactorumque, ab equorum et fal-
conum accipitrumque et canum acceptione, et illorum
hominum refectione quod nos festing menn
nominamus a parafrithis, et ab omnibus difficul-
tatibus regalis uel secularis seruitutis notis
et ignotis, cum furis comprehensione intus et
foris maioris minorisue, preter pontis constru-
ctione et expeditione, ęternaliter liberata per-
maneat. Hanc libertatem predicte ęcclesię donabi,
pro humili oboedientia uenerabilis episcopi beorn-
modi, et pro amore apostoli sancti andreę, et beati
paulini archiepiscopi cuius corpus in predicta ęcclesia
requiescit. Sic etiam >omnibus< successoribus uel heredibus
meis, necnon cuicunque gradu regibus seu princi-
pibus in nomine sanctę trinitatis et per tremendum
dei iudicium precipio ut hęc donatio mea fir-
ma et inlibata inconcussaque permaneat. Si quis
uero hoc beniuola mente obseruare uoluerit,
seruetur ei benedictio sempiterna, hic et in ęter-
num. Si autem quod absit aliquis insurrexerit

138r

tyrannica potestate fretus seu diabolica te-
meritate instigatus qui hanc libertatem infrin-
gere aut minuere uel maluit conuertere
temptauerit quam a nobis constitutum est, sci-
at se separatum a communione sanctę dei ęcclesiae et
a participatione omnium sanctorum dei et ęternis
ignibus esse nodatum nisi prius digne et perfe-
cte hic in seculo emendare uoluerit. Scripta
est hęc cartula anno dominicę incarnationis
dccc. xx. iii. indictione vi. his testibus con-
sentientibus et signo sanctę crucis christi confir-
mantibus, quorum nomina infra tenentur ascri-
pta. + Ego ecgberhtus rex anglorum hanc
donationem meam huius libertatis signo sanctę cru-
cis christi confirmaui et subscripsi. + Ego ae-
theluulf rex consensi et subscripsi. + Ego uul-
fręd archiepiscopus consensi et subscripsi. + Ego wig-
ðegn episcopus consensi et subscripsi. + Ego ealhstan
episcopus consensi et subscripsi. + Ego beornmod episcopus
consensi et subscripsi. + Ego wulfhard dux consen-
si et subscripsi. + Ego monnędę dux consensi et
subscripsi. + Ego osmod dux consensi et subscri-
psi. + Ego dudda dux consensi et subscripsi. + al-
dred. + Oshere. + ætheluulf. + duduc. + boba.

138v

+ Ealhhere. + Sigaesteb. + æðelhard.

Translation

Concerning the freedom of the Church of Saint Andrew the Apostle:

+ In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, I, blessed by the grace of God, King of the English, with the consent of my bishops and princes, I grant this freedom to the church which is located in the city of Rochester and to all the flocks that belong to the Church of Saint Andrew the Apostle, for the remedy of my soul and that of our son Aethelulf which king we set in song, that all the fields should be free from all royal servitude, from the pasture of kings and princes, dukes and prefects and executors, from the reception of horses and falcons and hawks and dogs, and from the refreshment of those men whom we call feasting men from Parafriths, and from all the difficulties of royal or secular servitude, known and unknown, with the arrest of thieves within and without, greater or less, beyond the construction of the bridge and the expedition, may he remain eternally freed. I will grant this liberty to the aforesaid church, for humble obedience to the venerable Bishop Bernard, and for the love of the apostle St. Andrew, and the blessed Archbishop Paulinus, whose body rests in the aforesaid church. So also to all my successors or heirs, as well as to kings or princes of any degree, in the name of the holy trinity and by the terrible judgment of God, I command that this gift of mine continue firm and unbroken and unshaken. If any one is willing to observe this with a kind heart, he will receive an everlasting blessing, here and forever. But if any one who is absent, relying on tyrannical power, or instigated by diabolical recklessness, who has attempted to infringe or diminish this liberty, or who prefers to turn away from what has been established by us, let him know that he is separated from the communion of the holy church of God, and from the participation of all the saints of God, and that he is bound to the eternal fires only before He wills to make amends with dignity and perfection here in the world. This letter was written in the year of the Lord's incarnation 823, 4th indiction. These witnesses agreeing and confirming with the sign of the holy cross of Christ, whose names are written below.

+ I, Ecgberhtus, king of the English, have confirmed and subscribed my grant of this liberty with the sign of the holy cross of Christ.

I, King Aetheluulf, agreed and subscribed.

I, Archbishop Uulfraed, consented and subscribed.

+ I, Bishop Wigðegn agreed and subscribed.

+ I, Bishop Ealhstan, agreed and subscribed. + I, Bishop Beornmod, agreed and subscribed. + I, Duke Wulfhard, agreed and subscribed. + I, Duke Monnędę agreed and subscribed. + I, Duke Osmod agreed and subscribed

+ I, Duke Dudda agreed and subscribed.

+ Aldred.

+ Oshere.

+ ætheluulf.

+ Duduc.

+ Boba.

+ Ealhhere.

+ Sigaesteb.

+ æðelhard.

The same half a sulung and a marsh in Bromhey, 779

King Ecgberht II of Kent again grants half a sulung and a marsh to Deora in Bromhey (779). Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 130r-130v by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Campbell, no. 10. The text begins with a red display initial ‘I’ and is marked by a large, black cross in the left margin.

Transcription

130r (select folio number to open facsimile)

Item de bromgehege;
+ IN nomine domini nostri iesu christi.
Cum quis religiosorum uirorum fideliter deo famu-
lantibus ex temporalibus terrenisque substantiis
donare decreuerit, hoc pro certo christo dona-
tori bonorum omnium redonare constat. Vnde
et ego egcberht rex cantię tibi uenerando
dioran hrofensis ęcclesię antistiti trado di-
midiam partem unius aratri contiguam uidelicet
eiusdem quantitatis terrulam, in regione uo-
cabulo bromieheg, a me antea traditae. Insuper et adiciam mariscem pertinentem ad aridam

130v

et ad aquę ripam iaenlade habentem quasi
quinquaginta iugerum, et ut in tua sit facul-
tate in perpetuum habendam possidendam traden-
damque cuicunque elegeris hominum, et si quis
tam ausus sit hanc donationem meam infringere
temptauerit, sit anathema maranatha. Hanc cartulam in sua stabilitate manentem con-
sentientibus religiosis personis et subscriben-
tibus signo crucis christi roboraui quorum nomina
cum propriis infra notentur signaculis. Actum
anno ab incarnatione christi dcclxxix. in ci-
uitate supradicta. + Ego ecgberhtus donator
signum crucis christi impressi. + Signum manus
boba. + Signum manus balthard. + Signum manus
uuealhard. + Signum manus banta. + Signum
manus billnoth. + Signum manus osuulf. + Si-
gnum manus bubba. + Signum manus balthard.

Translation

Likewise concerning Bromhey:

+ In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. When any of the religious men who faithfully serve God decides to donate from temporal and earthly goods, it is certain to give back this for certain to Christ, the donor of all goods. Whence also I, Egberht, King of Kent, in honouring the venerable Dioran, bishop of the church of Rochester, hand over to you one half part of an adjoining plow, namely a small piece of the same size, in the region under the name of Bromhey, which was formerly delivered by me. Moreover, I will also add a marsh that extends to dry land and to the waters bank of about fifty acres, and that it may be in your capacity in perpetuity to possess and deliver over to any man whatever you choose. And if anyone so dare to attempt to break this donation let him be accursed.

This document, which remains in its stable state, with the consent of the religious persons and those who signed it with the sign of the cross of Christ, validated their names with their respective seals below. Enacted in the year from the Incarnation of Christ 779, in the above-mentioned city.

+ I Egbert, the donor, signed with the cross of Christ.

+ Signed by the hand of Boba.

+ Signed by the hand of Balthard.

+ Signed by the hand of Wealhard.

+ Signed by the hand of Banta.

+ Signed by the hand of Billnoth.

+ Signed by the hand of Oswulf.

+ Signed by the hand of Bubba. Signed by the hand of Balthard.

Half a sulung and a marsh at Bromhey, Kent, 778

King Ecgberht II of Kent grants to Bishop Deora of Rochester half a sulung and a marsh at Bromhey, Kent (778). Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 129r-130r by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Campbell, no. 9. This was probably copied from the tenth-century, single sheet document, British Library, Cotton Charters, viii. 34. Campbell: ‘This charter seems genuine, although the extant single sheet may be later than the time of grant, and in any event the boundaries are a subsequent addition.’ The text begins with a green initial ‘I’ and is marked by a large, black cross in the left margin. The boundaries are written in Old English, beginning line 2, folio 130r: ‘on eastan’ (‘in the east’).

Transcription

129r (select folio number to open facsimile)

De bromgehege; + IN nomine domini nostri iesu christi. Pietatis bene-
ficium quod quisque fidelium pro christi reuerentia
seruo dei fideliter domino seruienti misericorditer
contulerit, christo hoc conferre dinoscitur. Nam ipse in fine mundi ad electos suos loquens
dicturus est . Cum uni ex minimis meis feci-
stis, michi fecistis. Iccirco ego egcberhtus rex
cantiae, hanc dominicam sententiam memoriter re-
tinens, et piis operibus deo instigante adimple-
re curabo, tibi dioran hrofensis ęcclesię an-
tistiti aliquam partem terrę iuris mei liben-
ter concedo, id est dimidiam unius aratri par-
tem ubi nominatur bromgeheg, simul et ma-

129v

riscem uocabulo scaga, et ut per omne ab hac die
et deinceps subsequens tempus cum notissimis
terminis omnibusque utilitatibus ad eam rite pertinen-
tibus tuo proprio iuri ęternaliter habendam possiden-
dam tradendamque cuicumque hominum uolueris
hilari concedo animo. Huius autem marisci ter-
minus, est aqua pene undique circumperfusa. Si quis
ergo heredum successorumque meorum contra hanc piam
donationem meam uenire fuerit ausus et teme-
rare eam inuido maliuoloque temptauerit animo,
sit anathema maranatha. Manente hac car-
tula in sua nichilominus stabilitate, quam robora-
re propria manu curaui, et alios idoneos religio-
sosque testes ut id ipsum agerent adhibui, quorum
nomina infra caraxata continentur. Actum anno
dominicę incarnationis dcclxxviii. in ciuitate do-
rouerni. + Ego egcberhtus rex cantię, hanc
donationem meam signo crucis Christi roboraui.
+ Ego iaenberhtus archiepiscopus testis consentiens
subscripsi. + Signum manus escuualdi presbiteri.
+ Signum manus uban. + Signum manus boban.
+ Signum manus uualhard. + Signum manus ubban.
+ Signum manus aldhun. + Signum manus sigired.
+ Signum manus esni. + Signum eaniardi.

130r

Huic uero terrę adiacent pratę ubi dicitur hreodham,
in iiii.or locis. In uno loco xvii. agros, on eastan
clifwara gemære, ⁊ on suðan tucincgnæs,
⁊ on wæstan culinga gemære, ⁊ on norðan.
Et in alio loco xii. agros, on eastan is culinga
gemære, ⁊ on suðan clifwara gemære, ⁊ on
westan, ⁊ on norðan. Et in tertio loco vii.
agros, be eastan is mearcfleot, ⁊ be suðan,
⁊ be westan ⁊ be norðan is clifwara gemære.
Et in quarto loco vi. agros, be eastan is clif-
wara gemære, ⁊ be suðan is culinga gemære,
⁊ be westan is ⁊ be norðan clifwara gemære.

Translation

Concerning Bromhey:

+ In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. The benefit of piety, that each one of the faithful has a reverence for Christ as the merciful servant of God, is determined to confer this on Christ.

For he himself will say at the end of the world, speaking to his chosen ones, "When you did it for one of the least of mine, you did it to me." For this reason I, Egbert, King of Kent, remembering this Sunday sentence, and will take care to fulfill it at the instigation of God's pious works, will willingly grant to you Dioran, bishop of the church of Rochester, some part of the land of my right; so that, from this day forward, one-half of the plow in the part named Bromhey, the same time as the marsh, by the name of Scaga, and as from this day and the following period, with the best known terms and all the interests duly pertaining to it, to your own right, I will for ever permit you to possess and deliver it to whatever people you want with a cheerful mind. But the boundary of this marsh is surrounded by water almost everywhere. If, therefore, any one of my heirs and successors has dared to come against this pious gift, and attempt to violate it with an envious and malevolent spirit, let him be accursed. While this document was nevertheless in its own stability, which I had taken care to strengthen by my own hand, I also summoned other competent and religious witnesses to do the same, whose names are contained in the letter below. Act in the year of our Lord's Incarnation 778 in the city of Canterbury.

+ I, Egbert, King of Kent, have validated my gift with the sign of the cross of Christ.

+ I, Archbishop Jaenbert, a consenting witness, signed.

+ Sign of the hand of Escuwald the priest.

+ Sign of the hand of Uban.

+ Sign of the hand of Boban.

+ Sign of the hand of Walhard.

+ Sign of the hand Ubban.

+ Sign of the hand of Aldhun.

+ Sign by the hand of Sigired.

+ Sign of the hand of Esni.

+ Sign of the hand of Eaniard.

But adjacent to this land, where it is called Hreodham, in four places. In one place 17 fields, on eastan Clifwara gemære, and on south Tucincgnæs, and on West Cooling gemære, and on the north.

And in another place 12 fields, on the east is Cooling gemære, and on the south Clifwara gemære, and on the west, and on the north. And in the third place of 12 fields, by east is Mearcfleot, and by south, and by west, and by north is Clifwara gemære. And in the fourth place fields, by east is Clifwara gemære, and by South is Cooling gemære, and by west and by North is Clifwara gemære.

Land with similar boundaries to the Rochester Cathedral foundation charter, purported date 761

King Æthelberht of Wessex and Kent (r. 860-866) grants to Bishop Deora of Rochester land with similar boundaries to that granted in the cartulary’s opening charter (purported date 761). Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 130v-131r by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Campbell, no. 11. Campbell, ‘The basis of this charter is obviously a charter of Æthelberht of Wessex (king of Wessex and Kent, 860-6) [...] The charter has been re-cast to appear to be a charter of 761, recording a grant to Bishop Deora of Rochester (elected c. 770). In the extant single-sheet copy [British Library, Cotton Charters, vi. 4], 761 has been altered to 781.’ The text begins with a green display initial ‘I’ and is marked by a large, black cross in the left margin. Note: The boundaries are written in English, beginning at line 2 of 131r. They are underlined.

Transcription

130v (select folio number to open facsimile)

+ IN nomine domini nostri
iesu christi, cui patent cuncta penetralia
cordis et corporis. Ego ethelberhtus rex
occidentalium saxonum necnon cantauuariorum
concedo hrofensis ęcclesię antistiti deoran ali-
quantulum terrę iuris mei intra moenia

131r

supradictę ciuitatis in parte aquilonali, id est
fram doddinc hyrnan oð ða bradan gatan
east be wealle, ⁊ swa eft suð oð þæt east geat,
⁊ swa west be stræte oð doddinc hyrnan, ⁊
ðreo hagan be eastan porte butan wealle, ⁊ ðar
to feower æceras mæde be westan, ee. Hoc
in augmentum monasterii tibi concessi sancti an-
dreę, ut mea donatio immobilis permaneat
semper. Et si quis hanc donationem meam au-
gere uoluerit, augeat dominus ei uitam. Si quis
uero tunc minuere presumpserit, sit separatus
a conspectu domini in die iudicii nisi prius emenda-
uerit ante eius transitum quod nequiter gessit.
Actum dominicę incarnationis dcclxxxi. + Ego
ethelberhtus rex hanc meam donationem si-
gno sanctę crucis confirmaui. + Ego geanberht
archiepiscopus corroboraui. + Ego deora episcopus con-
signaui. + Signum manus uualhard. + Signum
manus uban. + Signum manus udan. + Signum
manus ealhere. + Signum manus dudec. + Signum
manus wullaf.

Translation

+ In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom all the innermost parts of the heart and body are open. I, Ethelberht, King of the West Saxons as well as the Kentish, grant to the bishop of Rochester in the church of Deora a small part of the land of my right within the walls of the above-mentioned city on the north side, that is from Doddingherne as far as Broadgate east along the wall, and as far south as Eastgate, and so west along Street from as far as Doddingherne, and …eastern part of the wall, and as …west, ee. This I have granted to you for the growth of the monastery of Saint Andrew, so that my gift may remain forever. And if any one wishes to increase my gift, let the Lord increase his life. But if any one then shall presume to reduce it, let him be separated from the Lord's presence on the day of judgment unless he first amended before his passing what he had done wickedly. Enacted in the year of our Lord’s incarnation 781.

I, King Ethelbert, have confirmed this gift of mine with the sign of the holy cross.

+ I, Archbishop Geanberht, corroborated it.

+ I, Bishop Deora, have signed.

+ Signed by the hand of Walhard.

+ Signed by the hand of Uban.

+ Signed by the hand of Udan.

+ Signed by the hand of Ealhere.

+ Signed by the hand of Dudec.

Signed by the hand of Wullaf.

Six sulungs at Trottiscliffe with the right to pasture swine in three districts, 788

King Offa of Mercia grants to St Andrew’s and the bishopric of Rochester six sulungs at Trottiscliffe, Kent, with the right to pasture swine in three districts (788). Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 131r-132r by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Campbell, no. 12. The text begins with a purple display initial ‘I’ and is marked by a large, black cross in the left margin.

Transcription

131r (select folio number to open facsimile)

De trottesclyua; + IN nomine dei summi et saluatoris nostri iesu
christi, ipsoque in perpetuo regnante disponenteque

131v

suauiter omnia terrena quoque sceptra et regalia
iura temporaliter distribuerit. Vnde et ego
offa rex merciorum aliquam terram pro remedio
et salute animę meę tradam, id est sex ara-
trorum ubi nominatur trottesclib ad ęcclesiam
beati andreae apostoli et ad episcopium castelli quod
nominatur hrofescester ubi beatus paulinus
pausat, quam etiam episcopalem sedem modo
in presenti rite regit uuaermundus religi-
osus antistes. Hanc itaque supradictam terram
ad hanc condicionem perpetualiter habendam
et possidendam concedo cum omnibus ad eam rite
pertinentibus rebus cum campis siluis pascuis pra-
tis pastinationibus et cum propriis terminis. Huius
autem telluris termini sunt isti, ab oriente et
a meridie boerlingas, ab occidente uurota-
ham, ab aquilone meapaham. Ad hanc quoque
terram pertinent in diuersis locis porcorum pa-
stus id est uuealdbaera ubi dicitur holen-
spic bi suðan ee eppanhrycg non longe ab eo
loco langanhrycg. Quisquis uero contra hanc
donationis cartulam callido malignoque trac-
tatu contraire presumpserit, nouerit >se< quisquis ille
fuerit in discreto dei iudicio sinistrę partis

132r

socium fore et a christi et dei corpore sanguineque se-
gregandum. Manente hac cartula in sua nichi-
lominus firmitate propria manu signaculo cru-
cis christi roborare curaui, et testes religiosos
et consen>tienm agentes adhibui, quorum
nomina cum propriis cruciculis infra adno-
tentur. Actum anno dominicę incarnationis
dcclxxxviii. + Ego offa rex merciorum hanc
suprascriptam donationem meam hoc signum cru-
cis impressi. + Ego ecgfrid rex merciorum
testis consentiens subscripsi. + Ego cyne-
drith regina consensi et subscripsi. + Ego
iaenberhtus gratia dei archiepiscopus signum crucis
christi impressi. + Ego hygeberht archiepiscopus sub-
scripsi. + Ego ceoluulf episcopus subscripsi. + Signum
manus brordani prefecti. + Signum manus berhtuual-
di. + Signum manus eadbaldi. + Signum manus
ceolmundi.

Translation

Concerning Trottiscliffe:

+ In the name of our supreme God and our Savior Jesus Christ, and in his perpetual reign and disposition all earthly scepters and royal temporal rights distributed. Whereupon I, Offa, King of the Mercians, will hand over some land for the relief and salvation of my soul, that is, the six plows where the Trottiscliffe is named, to the church of the blessed Apostle Andrew, and to the bishop of the castle, which is named Rochester, where Blessed Paulinus rests, which also the bishopric seat of the Waermund at present now duly governs a religious bishop. I, therefore, grant this aforesaid land on this condition to be possessed eternally and I grant to possess it, with all due to it properly pertaining to it, with plains, wood pastures, grazing meadows, and with their own boundaries. And the boundaries of this earth are these, on the east and on the south boerlingas, on the west Wrotham, on the north meapaham. They also belong to this land in different places feeding on pigs, that is, Wealdbaera where it is called Holenspic bi suðan ee eppanhrycg not far from that place langanhrycg. Whoever will presume to go against this gift by a clever and malignant design, let him know that whoever he was, shall be a partner in the discrete judgment of God on the left, and must be separated from the body of Christ and the blood of God.

While this document remained in its place, nevertheless, with the firmness of my own hand, I took care to strengthen it with the seal of the cross of Christ, and I summoned religious and consenting witnesses acting on it, whose names with their own crucifixions are recorded below. Act in the year of our Lord's Incarnation 788.

+ I, Offa, King of Mercia, have impressed my gift with this sign of the cross.

+ I, Egfrid king of the Mercians, a consenting witness, signed.

+ I, Queen Cynedrith consented and signed.

I, Jaenbert, by the grace of God archbishop, impressed on the sign of the cross of Christ.

+ I, Archbishop Hygeberht, subscribed.

+ I, Bishop Ceoluulf, subscribed.

+ Signed by the hand of Prefect Brodran.

+ Signed by the hand of Berhtwald.

+ Sign of the hand of Eadbald.

+ Signed by the hand of Ceolmund.

A sulung at Bromhey, 789

King Offa of Mercia grants a sulung at Bromhey to Bishop Wærmund and the church at Rochester (789). Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 132r-133r by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Campbell, no. 14. The text begins with a green display initial ‘I’ and is marked by a large, black cross in the left margin.

Transcription

132r (select folio number to open facsimile)

Item de bromgehege. + IN nomine domini nostri iesu christi >saluatoris<. Si ea quę secundum
decreta canonum ac statuta synodalia salu-
briter definiuntur, quamuis sermo solus ad te-
stimonium sufficere possit, at tamen ob incer-
tam futurorum temporum conditionem firmissimis
scripturarum indiciis et cautionem cyrographis

132v

sunt roboranda. Quoniam quidem sepe ex ignorantia, sepe
quod est execrabilius ex improbitate contingit,
ut denegatio rerum uere et recte gestarum
nascatur. Qua propter ego offa rex merciorum tibi
uuaermundo antistiti necnon et ęcclesię quae
sita est in castro quod nominatur hrofescaester
trado terram unius aratri ubi nominatur broom-
geheg cum certissimis terrę huius limitibus,
quę habet ab oriente uuiodafleot, a meridie
uero fons quidam et fossa circumdata, et ex inde
sepis quędam, itemque fossata ab occidente et no-
tis signis designatur, ab aquilone mariscem uo-
cabulo scaga, quam etiam circumfluit iaegnlaad.
Hanc autem terram tibi tradendam et possiden-
dam et ęcclesię usui mancipandam, quam tu iure
gubernas concedo. Si quis uero successorum meorum uel
principum hanc donationem meam immutare
temptauerit, sit anathema maranatha usque
dum dominus ueniat qui iudicaturus est orbem
terrę in aequitate. Hanc cartulam signaculo cru-
cis christi confirmare uolens proprio manu necnon
et alios religiosos adhibui testes quorum nomina
infra adnotentur. Actum anno dominicae incar-
nationis dcclxxxix. in loco ubi dicitur celchyð.

133r

+ Ego offa rex merciorum hanc supradictam do-
nationem meam signo sanctę crucis christi roboraui.
+ Ego iaenberhtus gratia dei archiepiscopus consensi
et subscripsi. + Ego hygeberht archiepiscopus sub-
scripsi. + Ego ceoluulf episcopus subscripsi. + Ego
heardraed episcopus subscripsi. + Ego unuuona
episcopus subscripsi. + Ego cyneberht episcopus subscri-
psi. + Ego ealghearhd episcopus subscripsi.
+ Ego eadgar episcopus subscripsi. + Ego ealgmund
abbas subscripsi. + Ego beonna abbas subscripsi.
+ Signum manus ecgfrithi regis merciorum. + Si-
gnum manus berhtuualdi. + Signum manus ead-
baldi. + Signum manus brordan. + Signum manus
aethilheardi. + Signum manus ceolmundi. + Si-
gnum manus ubban. + Signum manus heaberhti.
+ Signum manus forðredi. + Signum manus uuigcgan.
+ Signum manus ceolheardi.

Translation

Likewise concerning Bromhey:

+ In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ >savior<. If those things which are beneficially defined according to the decrees of the canons and synodal statutes, although speech alone may be sufficient for evidence, yet, on account of the uncertain future condition of the times, must be strengthened with the most solid evidence of the Scriptures and a bill of crypts[?].

Since, indeed, it often happens from ignorance, that which is more execrable from dishonesty occurs, so that the denial of things truly and rightly may arise. For which reason I shot the king of the Mercians, to you Waermundo the bishop and to the church which is situated in the castle which is named Rochester I hand over the land of one plow where it is named Broomgeheg with certain limits of this land, which has on the east uuiodafleot, on the south a certain spring and ditch surrounded and it is denoted some fences, and likewise ditches on the west and north denoted by signs, from the north marsh by the name of Scaga, which also flows around Iagnlaad.

This land is to be handed over to you, to be possessed, and to be handed over to the use of the church, which you are rightfully governer. But if any of my successors or princes should attempt to change this gift of mine, let him be accursed until he comes as the lord who will judge the world in justice. It was my desire to confirm this document with the seal of the cross of Christ in my own hand, as well as other religious witnesses whose names are to be recorded below. Enacted in the year of our Lord's Incarnation 789 in the place which is called Celchyð.

+ I, Offa, king of Mercia, have validated my gift with the sign of the holy cross of Christ.

+ I, Jaenbert, archbishop by the grace of God, agreed and signed.

+ I, Hygeberht, archbishop, subscribed.

+ I, Ceoluulf, bishop, subscribed.

I, Bishop Heardraed subscribed.

+ I, Bishop Unuuona, subscribed. + I, Bishop Cyneberht subscribed. + I, Bishop Ealghearhd subscribed.

+ I, Bishop Edgar subscribed.

+ I, Abbot Ealgmund, subscribed.

+ I, Abbot Beonna subscribed.

+ Signed by the hand of Egfrith, king of the Mercians.

+ Signed by the hand of Berhtwaldi. Signed by the hand of Eadbald.

+ Signed by the hand of Brordan. Signed by the hand of Aethilheard.

+ Signed by the hand of Ceolmund.

+ Signed by the hand of Ubban.

+ Signed by the hand of Heaberht. Signed by the hand of Forðred.

+ Signed by the hand of Wigcgan. Signed by the hand of Ceolheard.

A village and two yokes of land in Rochester, 765

King Ecgberht II of Kent grants to Bishop Eardwulf (of Rochester) a village and two yokes of land in Rochester (765), confirmed by King Heaberht of Kent and Offa of Mercia. Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 126v-127v by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Campbell, no. 7. The text begins with a green display initial ‘I’ and is marked by a large, black cross in the left margin. The confirmation of Heaberht begins on 127v. The text for the confirmation is marked in the left margin by a small, black cross, indicating the king’s signature. The confirmation of Offa follows, and is marked by a large, black cross in the left margin.

Transcription

126v (select folio number to open facsimile)

+ IN nomine
summi saluatoris et domini nostri qui ubique dispo-
nit omnia, ego ecgberhtus rex cantię, tibi
eardulfo meo fidelissimo ministro atque episcopo,
tuae peticioni assensum prębui cum consensu
scilicet uenerandi archiepiscopi genberhti qui
>michi< in omnibus carus est, necnon et principum meorum
trado terram intra castelli moenia supra

127r

nominati id est hrofiscestri unum uiculum
cum duobus iugeribus adiacentem plateę quę est
terminus a meridie huius terrę quam tibi modo
in presenti possidendam habendamque, et cuicumque
uolueris te uiuente seu moriente dare ęter-
naliter perdono. Si quis autem hanc donationem
meam inuido maliuoloque infringere tempta-
uerit animo, sit separatus in hoc seculo a parti-
cipatione corporis et sanguinis domini nostri iesu
christi, et in futuro a coetu omnium sanctorum segregatus
nisi antea suam pręsumptionem digna satisfacti-
one correxerit. Manentem hanc kartulam in
sua semper stabilitate, suprascriptam donationem
meam signo sanctę crucis christi confirmare cu-
rabo, et alios religiosos uiros ut et ipsum
agerent adhibui quorum nomina cum signa-
culis dominicę crucis intra tenentur. Actum
anno dominicę incarnationis dcclxv. + Ego
egcberhtus rex cantię, hanc donationem meam
signo sanctę crucis roborare curabo. + Ego
gengberhtus gratia dei archiepiscopus, consensi et
subscripsi. + Ego badenoð episcopus consensi et sub-
scripsi. + Signum manus uban. + Signum manus
udan. + Signum manus aldhun. + Signum manus

127v

uuilheri. + Signum manus uualhardi. + Signum
manus tymbel. + Signum manus coenberhti. + Si-
gnum manus balhhardi. + Signum manus aethelno-
di. Confirmatio heaberhti regis cantię.
+ Ego heaberhtus rex cantię >testis< consensi et subscripsi.
+ Ego aldberhtus abbas subscripsi. + Signum manus
esni. + Signum manus badohardi. + Signum ma-
nus tidheah. + Signum manus baldhordi. + Signum
manus eadberhti. + Signum manus hetraedi.
+ Signum manus beornulfi. + Signum manus heara.

Confirmatio offae regis merciorum.
+ Ego offa rex merciorum ad peticionem earduulfi
episcopi hanc donationem in monasterio quod appel-
latus est medyhaemstede pręsidente abbate
botuuino meo manu atque impressione sanctę
crucis christi corroboraui, et licentiam dedi ha-
bendi seu tradendi cuicunque uoluisset.
+ Ego botuuine abbas consensi et subscripsi.

Translation

+ In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. Every man who lives according to God, and hopes and desires to be rewarded by God, must cheerfully offer his assent to pious prayers. For it is certain that the more easily one can achieve those things which he shall demand from God, the more readily he himself has rightly granted the demands of men.

About which I, Sigared, King of Kent, to you venerable Eardulf, Bishop, that you have carefully asked for some piece of land of my right, that is, as of one and a half an acre in the city of Rochester, to possess it eternally for the growth of your monastery.

This small piece of land lies at the north end of your monastery's gate and reaches as far as the northern wall of the aforesaid city within the lands which you previously from the east and west possessed, and therefore this is suitable for you because it was lying in the middle. If any one should at any time attempt to come up against this gift of mine with an envious and malevolent mind, let him be in the present separated from the communion of the holy church of Christ, and in the future separated from the fellowship of all the saints.

I validated this charter remaining in its firmness with the sign of the Lord's Cross, and summoned competent witnesses to do the same. Act in the 15th indiction In the year of our Lord's incarnation 762.

+ I, Sigared, King of Kent, have validated this gift with the sign of the holy cross.

+ I, Eadberht, King of Kent, consenting, confirmed it with my own hand.

+ I, Archbishop Bregouine, agreed and subscribed.

+ I, Abbot Aldhuun have subscribed.

+ Sign of the hand Swithuun.

+ Sign of the hand of Ethilhuun.

+ Sign of hand of Esni.

+ Sign of the hand of Egbald

+ Sign of the hand of Wighaað.

+ Sign of the hand of Bunan.

+ Sign of the hand of Heabeorht.

+ Sign of the hand of Tiidheah.

Ten sulungs at Stoke in Hoo

King Eadberht I of Kent grants ten sulungs at Stoke in Hoo to St Andrew’s, Rochester; Æthelberht II of Kent confirms this, 738. Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 119v-120v by Jacob Scott (pending review).

A sulung was a unit of land = approx. 240 fiscal acres.

Transcription

119v (select folio number to open facsimile)

De stokes quę antiquitus uocabatur
+ IN nomine andscohesham;
domini dei nostri iesu christi ego eadberht rex can-
tuariorum donaui aliquam partem terrę pro reme-
dio animę meę atque indulgentia delictorum
meorum episcopatui beati andreę apostoli ac ue-
nerabile uiro ealdulfo eius ęcclesię antistiti
in regione quę uocatur hohg in loco qui
dicitur, andscohesham id est decem arat>rm
iuxta aestimationem prouinciae eiusdem huius

120r

uero terrę possessionem ita predicto episcopo largitus
sum cum omnibus ad eum pertinentibus id est campis
siluis pratis piscariis salsilagine, atque omnibus
utensilibus eius iuxta notos terminos consti-
tutos hoc quoque pręcipimus ut nullus presu-
mat propinquorum eorum uel successorum eorum hanc do-
nationem meam minuere infringere quoquomodo Si quis uero quod non credimus contra preceptum meum huic do-
natione mea e malibolo animo contraire tempta-
uerit, sciat se in die iudicii rationem deo red-
diturum manentem ta-
men hanc cartulam nichilominus in sua fir-
mitate si quis uero magis defendere au-
gere uoluerit, addat deus bona eius in terra
uiuentium Hanc quoque donationem meam ego
eadberht rex cantuariorum propria manu
confirmaui et signum sanctę crucis infixi te-
stes quoque idoneos commites meos confir-
mari et subscribere feci. Ego uilbaldus
commites meos confirmari et subscribere
feci Ego dimheahac comites meos confir-
mari et scribere feci. Ego hosberht commi-
tes meos confirmari et scribere feci. Ego nothbalth commites meos confirmari
et scribere feci. Ego banta commites meos

120v

confirmari et scribere feci. Ego ruta commi-
tes meos confirmari et scribere feci. Ego
tidbalth >comites meos< confirmare et scribere feci.

Translation

Concerning Stoke, formerly called Andscohesham:

+ In the name of the Lord Jesus Christ our God, I, Eadberht King of Kent, have given a portion of the land for the relief of my soul and the indulgence of my offenses in the episcopate of the blessed Andrew the Apostle and I stood before a venerable man, Bishop Ealdulf of that church in the country which is called Hohg in the place which is called Andscohesham, that is, ten plowshares according to the valuation of the property of this same province, and I gave the possession of this land to the aforesaid bishop, with all those belonging to it, namely plains of wood, meadows, salty fisheries, and all its utensils, according to the known boundaries. We also order that no one of their kinsfolk or of their successors presume to infringe or diminish this gift to weaken my soul in any way.

But if anyone should attempt to counteract this gift of mine with an evil-minded soul, which we do not believe contrary to my precept, let him know that in the day of God’s judgment he will render an account but this charter is by no means in its firmness if one any one wishes to increase its defense, may God increase his goods on earth in the land of the living. This also is my donation Eadberht king of Kent, by my own hand, with the sign of the holy cross, you will allow also my fit witnesses to be confirmed and made.

I, Wilbald, commit my acts to be confirmed and signed.

I, Wilbald, commit my acts to be confirmed and signed.

I, Hosberht commit my things to be assured and I have done it in writing.

I, Notthbalth commit my things to be assured and I have done it in writing.

I, Banta, commited to confirm and subscribed.

I, Rota, confirmed and subscribed.

I, Tidbalth >my companions< confirmed and subscribed.

Free access of a ship into London, 734 AD

King Æthelbald of Mercia allows the free access of a ship into London to St Andrew’s Rochester, 734 AD; Berhtwulf of Mercia confirms this, c.845 AD. Translation of Textus Roffensis, folios 120v-122r by Jacob Scott (pending review).

This is likely a copy of the extant ninth-century document, British Library, Cotton Charter, xvii. The text begins with a red display initial ‘I’ and is marked by a large, black cross in left margin. The confirmation of Berhtwulf begins on folio 121v.

Transcription

120v (select folio number to open facsimile)

+IN nomine Quomodo alduulfus petierit confirmari hanc donationem.
domini dei summi. Ego alduulfus episco-
pus in primis penitus ignoraui quod a doro-
uernensis ęcclesiae pręsuli et rege, hac kar-
tula confirmata esse debuisset, postea agno-
ui et tam diligenter postulaui ab archiepiscopo
nothelmo et rege aethilberhto pręsidente
meo largitore eadberhto ut ipsi manu sua
hanc donationem corroborassent, et sic in metro-
politano urbe perfecte compleuerunt. Actum
mense aprillo, indictione vi. anno ab incarnatio-
ne christi dcc xxxviii. + Ego nothelmus
gratia dei archiepiscopus testis consentiens subscri-
psi kanonice. + Ego aethilberhtus rex pre-
fatam donationem signo sanctę crucis confirmaui.
+ Ego Beornheard testis subscripsi. + Signum
manus, tunan. + Signum manus balthardi.
+ Signum manus eanberhti.

De unius nauis libertate;
+IN nomine domini dei saluatoris nostri iesu christi. Si ea-
quę quisque pro recipienda a deo mercede hominibus

121r

uerbo suo largitur et donat, stabilia iugiter
potuissent durare superuacaneum uideretur
ut litteris narrarentur ac fulcirentur. Sed
dum ad probanda donata ad conuincendumque
uolentem donata infringere nichil prorsus
robustius esse uideretur quam donationis
manibus auctorum ac testium roborate non in-
merito plurimi petunt, utque eis conlata
dinoscuntur paginaliter confirmentur.
Quorum postulationibus tanto libentius tantoque
promptius consensus prebendus est quanto et il-
lis qui precatores sunt, utilior res secundum hoc
uisibile seculum nunc impertitur. Et illis qui con-
cessores existunt, pro impertito opere pietatis
uberior fructus secundum inuisibile postmodum
tribuetur. Quam ob rem ego ethilbaldus rex
merciorum praesentibus litteris indico me dedis-
se pro anima mea alduulfo episcopo ęcclesięque bea-
ti andreę apostoli quam gubernat, unius nauis
siue illa proprie ipsius siue cuiuslibet alte-
rius hominis sit, incensum id est uectigal, michi
et antecessoribus meis iure regio in portu lun-
donię usque hactenus competentem, quemadmo-
dum mansuetudinem nostram rogauit. Quae

121v

donatio ut in perpetuum firma et stabilis sit, ita
ut nullus eam regum uel optimatum uel telo-
niariorum uel etiam iuniorum quilibet ipsorum in
parte aut in toto in irritum presumat aut
possit adducere manu proprio signo sanctę cru-
cis subter in hac pagina faciam, testesque ut sub-
scribant petam. Quisquis igitur id quod pro anima mea
donaui aut donatum est illibatum permanere
permiserit, habeat communionem beatam cum pre-
sente christi ęcclesia atque futura. Si quis autem non
permiserit, separetur a societate non solum sanctorum
hominum sed etiam angelorum, manente hac dona-
tione nostra nihilominus in sua firmitate.
Actum mense septembrio die, indictione ii. anno
regni nostri xvii. + Ego ęthilbald rex sub-
scripsi. + Ego danihel episcopus subscripsi. + Si-
gnum manus oba. + Signum manus sigibed.
>confirmatio beorhtuulfi regis merciorum.<
Hoc etiam iterum confirmatum est a beorhtuulfo
regi merciorum in uico regali uuerburgeuuic.
Ego berhtuulf rex merciorum hanc meam dona-
tionem et predecessoris mei aethilbaldi regis
cum signo sanctę crucis confirmaui his testibus
consentientibus et quorum nomina hic conti-
nentur, ad indulgentiam delictorum meorum

122r

atque predecessoris mei aethilbaldi regis Si quis
autem successorum meorum regum aut principum
aut teloniariorum hanc donationem nostram in-
fringere uel minuere uoluerit sciat se sepa-
ratum a congregatione omnium sanctorum in tremen-
di die iudicii nisi prius digne emendauerit,
amen. + Ego berhtuulf rex merciorum sub-
scripsi. + Ego ceolnoð archiepiscopus subscripsi.
+ Ego seðrið regina subscripsi. + Ego celred
episcopus subscripsi. + Ego tatnoth episcopus subscrip-
si. + Ego hunberth dux subscripsi. + Ego
mucel dux subscripsi. + Ego hunstan dux
subscripsi.

Translation

How Alduulf asks for this donation to be confirmed.

+ In the name of the Lord supreme God, I, Bishop Alduulf, did not know at first that the church at Rochester, I took it and the king, this charter should have been confirmed, afterward I recognized and requested so carefully from Archbishop Nothelmo and King Ethelbert, my presiding officer, that they themselves had by their own hand corroborated this donation, and thus in the metropolitan city completed it perfectly. Enacted in the month of April, sixth indiction, in the year from the incarnation of Christ 838.

+ I, Nothelmed by the grace of God, archbishop, consenting to be a witness, signed canonically.

+ I, Ethelberht, have confirmed the aforesaid donation with the sign of the holy cross.

+ I, Beornheard, subscribed.

+ Sign of the hand of Tunan.

+ Sign of the hand of Baldhard.

+ Sign of the hand Eanberht.

Concerning the freedom of one ship:

+ In the name of the Lord God our Savior Jesus Christ. If those things which each man bestows and grants to men by his word he bestows and gives, though stable and could have continued to endure, it seemed unnecessary to tell the story and support it in writing. But as long as he is willing to infringe on the gifts to prove the facts and to prove the gift, nothing at all would seem to be more robust than to confirm the donation at the hands of the authors and witnesses, and that, when combined with them, they are known to be confirmed by page.

The more willingly and the more willing the consent to be given to those who are prayers, a more useful thing is now bestowed on this visible world. And to those who exist as concessions, for the work of piety imparted, a more fruitful fruit will be afterwards distributed according to the invisible. Wherefore I, Ethelbald, King of the Mercians, in the present letter, declare that I had given for my life to Alduulf, bishop of the church of Saint Andrew the Apostle, the one he commands, one ship whether that be the property of himself or of any other person, that is a tribute to him and to my ancestors in the port of London competent up to this point, just as he requested our peace. This gift may be permanent and stable, so that none of the kings, nobles, or customers, or even any of the juniors, either of them in part or in whole, may presume to be void or be able to bring with my own hand the sign of the holy cross under this page, and request witnesses to sign. Whoever, therefore, permits what I have given for my life, or has been given, shall remain unaltered, let him have blessed communion with the present and future church of Christ. But if any one does not permit, let him be separated from the society of not only the holy men but also of the angels, while this gift of ours remains in its steadfastness.

Enacted in September, second indiction, in the 17th year of my reign.

+ I, King Æthelbald, subscribed.

+ I, Bishop Daniel, subscribed.

+ Signed by the hand of Oba.

+ Signed by the hand of Sigibed.

Confirmation by Beorhtwulf, king of Mercia:

This also was again confirmed by Beorhtuulf, King of the Mercians, in the royal village of Werburg.

I, Berhtulf, king of the Mercians, confirmed this gift of mine and of my predecessor, king Ethilbald, with the sign of the holy cross, with the consent of these witnesses, and whose names are included here, for the forgiveness of my sins and of my predecessor, King Ethelbald. But if any one of my successors, kings, princes, or any persons this gift of ours is infringed or diminished, let him know that he was separated from the congregation of all the saints on that terrible day of judgment, unless he had first amended it worthily, amen.

+ I, Berhtuulf, king of the Mercians, subscribed.

+ I, Ceolnod, archbishop, signed.

+ I, Queen Sedrid, subscribed.

+ I, Bishop Celred subscribed.

+ I, Bishop Tatnoth, subscribed.

I, Duke Hunberth, subscribed.

I, Duke Mucel, subscribed.

I, Duke Hunstan, subscribed.

One and a half yokes at Rochester, 762

King Sigered of Kent grants one and a half yokes at Rochester to Bishop Eardwulf (of Rochester) for enlarging the monastery, 762. Translation from Latin of Textus Roffensis, folios 122r-123r by Jacob Scott (pending review).

Campbell, no. 5. Scribal note: There is a drawing of a ruffle-sleeved hand with index finger pointing to the text. This is in a lighter ink, and is in a later hand.

Transcription

122r (select folio number to open facsimile)

+ IN nomine domini nostri
iesu christi. Omnem hominem qui secundum deum uiuit
et remunerari a deo sperat et optat, oportet
ut piis precibus assensum hilariter ex animo
prebeat. Quoniam certum est tanto facilius ea quae
quisque a deo poposcerit consequi posse quanto et
ipse libentius hominibus recte postulata con-
cesserit. Quo circa ego sigiraed rex cantiae
tibi uenerabili earduulfo episcopo ut diligenter
postulasti aliquam particulam terrę iuris mei
id est quasi unius et semis iugeri in ciuitate

122v

hrofi ad augmentum monasterii tui ęternali-
ter possidendam concedo ac describo cum omnibus
scilicet ad eam pertinentibus rebus. Hęc autem
terrula ab aquilonali portę monasterii tui
iacet, et pertingit usque ad septentrionalem
murum prefatę ciuitatis intra terras uide-
licet quas antea ab oriente et occidente pos-
sedisti et ideo hęc tibi satis accommoda quia in
medio iacebat. Si quis autem contra hanc do-
nationem meam aliquando uenire inuido maliuo-
loque animo temptauerit, sit in presenti separatus
a communione sanctę aecclesię christi, et in futuro
a societate sanctorum omnium segregatus. Manen-
tem hanc kartulam in sua semper firmitate sig-
no dominicę crucis roboraui et idoneos testes
ut et id ipsum facerent adhibui. Actus, indi-
ctione xv. anno dominicę incarnationis dcclxii.
+ Ego sigiraed rex cantiae, hanc donationem meam
signo sanctę crucis roboraui. + Ego eadberht
rex cantiae, consentiens propria manu confirmaui.
+ Ego bregouuine archiepiscopus, consensi et sub-
scripsi. + Ego aldhuun abbas subscripsi.
+ Signum manus suuithuun. + Signum manus
aethilhuun. + Signum manus esni. + Signum

123r

manus ęgbaldi. + Signum manus uuighaað. + Si-
gnum manus bunan. + Signum manus heabeorhti.
+ Signum manus tiidheah.

Translation

+ In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. Every man who lives according to God, and hopes and desires to be rewarded by God, must cheerfully offer his assent to pious prayers. For it is certain that the more easily one can achieve those things which he shall demand from God, the more readily he himself has rightly granted the demands of men. About which I Sigared, King of Kent, to you venerable Eardulf, bishop, that you have carefully asked for some piece of land of my right, that is, as of one and a half an acre in the city of Rochester, to possess it eternally for the growth of your monastery. This small piece of land lies at the north end of your monastery's gate and reaches as far as the northern wall of the aforesaid city within the lands which you previously from the east and west possessed, and therefore this is suitable for you because it was lying in the middle. If anyone should at any time attempt to come up against this gift of mine with an envious and malevolent mind, let him be in the present separated from the communion of the holy church of Christ, and in the future separated from the fellowship of all the saints. I validated this charter remaining in its firmness with the sign of the Lord's Cross, and summoned competent witnesses to do the same. Act in the 15th indiction in the year of our Lord's incarnation 762.

+ I, Sigared king of Kent, have validated this gift with the sign of the holy cross. + I, Eadberht, King of Kent, consenting, confirmed it with my own hand.

+ I, Archbishop Bregouine, agreed and subscribed.

+ I, Abbot Aldhuun have subscribed.

+ Sign of the hand Swithuun.

+ Sign of the hand of Ethilhuun.

+ Sign of hand of Esni.

+ Sign of the hand of Egbald

+ Sign of the hand of Wighaað.

+ Sign of the hand of Bunan.

+ Sign of the hand of Heabeorht.

+ Sign of the hand of Tiidheah.