Experimental Archaeology at Canterbury College
Archaeology has been taught at Canterbury College for the last 10 years at GCSE Level and we have also just reached the end of the first year of a GCSE 'A' Level course.
In March of 1995, for the first time for all concerned, tutor and students undertook the making and firing of 'prehistoric' pottery vessels as one of the projects.
Kiln making progress.
Experimental archaeology really began in this country with the creation of the Butser Experimental Iron Age Farm on the Sussex/Hampshire border over twenty years ago. In recent years, experimental archaeology has become increasingly popular. However, it should be remembered that it is not an attempt to recreate the past, but is merely one of the ways we attempt to understand it. By making and then firing a pottery vessel, students should be thinking of the problems involved in gathering the raw materials and what the archaeologist might find on the site of a prehistoric pottery kiln. Such problems as: Was the clay source next to the woodland? Was the woodland managed in any way, e.g. as coppice? How much of the land was managed as coppice? Will evidence of kilns survive?
Figure 1. A simplet nonfire or clamp kiln.
The pottery was made using the coiled 'sausage' method. Some of the pots were then smoothed and decorated with surface clamp or bonfire patterns using a variety of simple tools. The pots were then fired in a clamp or bonfire kiln similar to that shown in Figure 1. The main difference being that we dug a hole about six inches deep into which we placed a bed of small logs. A wall of turf was then constructed round this platform and the pottery placed on the logs. More logs were then placed around and over the pots, and then the whole was covered with turf. The fire was lit through a small vent which was then blocked, as were any gaps that appeared during the firing process.
One of the "prehistoric" pots.
Ideally, such an experiment should be conducted over a twenty-four hour period, but safety factors dictated that the kiln had to be opened after only six. Students had been pre-warned that the pots were likely to explode during the firing process and as can be seen from the end result was not one of great aesthetic value. All the pots were broken and the vessel shown in Photo 1 had quite literally blown apart, only about 50% being recovered.
One of the "prehistoric" pots.
As with all experiments, the students were expected to write about what they had done, the end result, what had gone wrong and what they had learnt. Students are also expected to study the type of society which might be producing a particular type of pottery vessel. One of the periods under study being the so-called 'Beaker Period' at the Late Neolithic - Early Bronze Age transition, which for Britain can be dated to approximately 2500 to 2200 B.C.
Figure 2: A Beaker pottery vessel of c.2300 B.C.
Some of the so-called 'Bell Beakers' are highly decorated (Figure 2). These pots often form part of an artefact assemblage, including early metalwork, found with burials situated under round barrows. Bell Beakers may have been used in a society which was first to use either milk or alcohol on a large scale. In the earlier part of the period, their use may have been restricted to certain members of the community. The recent excavations at Monkton in East Kent, carried out by the Canterbury Archaeological Trust and the Trust for Thanet Archaeology have substantially increased the number of artefacts from this period found in the county.
Most students who have come to study archaeology at Canterbury College, whether for evening GCSE course or the daytime GCE 'A' Level course have only had a limited knowledge of archaeology when they began. As each term progressed, their knowledge has increased and their essay work has improved. For the 'A' Level course, it is hoped that there will be a student exchange with an Italian College in future which will enable us to visit Pompeii Herculaneum. If you would like further details of these courses, contact: Wyn Jones, Programme Manager, Canterbury College, New Dover Road, Canterbury CT1 3AJ (01227 766081). Students can join these classes after the beginning of term.
Alan Ward,
Part-time Lecturer in Archaeology.
Country Social Evening and Barbecue
"Fifty members enjoyed a rural afternoon visiting both the Rare Breeds Centre and the restored windmill at Woodchurch. This was followed in the evening by a short explanation of the Evolution of the Kentish Poultry Industry by Mr Fred Hams, an expert on the subject who delighted members with his enthusiasm and his knowledge of a lost industry. The highlight of the evening was the splendid barbecue supper supplied once again by the East Peckham Scout Committee.
Burgundy Excursion, May- June 1995
"Thirty-nine members and friends joined the Society's Summer excursion to Burgundy - an area of France with strong Kentish and British connections. Of archaeological interest to the diggers in the party was the site, not far from our base in Semur en Auxois, of the Gaulish chieftain Vercingetorix's last stand against Julius Caesar at Alesia. The six-week Roman siege took place two years after Caesar returned from Britain for the last time.
On our outward journey, we visited Sens, where Becket spent his years of exile before his return to Kent and martyrdom. The Cathedral Treasury contains, as one of its most prized possessions, one of Becket's robes. We found in the finely austere Abbey of Fontenay evidence of the great technological advance in iron production of the 13th century. This was the harnessing of hydraulic power in the amalgamation of carbon and iron to produce cast iron, which in the 15th century would result in the transformation of our Wealden iron industry.
It goes without saying that we visited the famous Burgundian towns of Vezelay, Beaune, and Dijon, enjoyed wine tasting, and were guided around several chateaus. We will all remember one final association between England and Burgundy - the latter's symbolic red roses, which John of Gaunt carried back with him to represent his House of Lancaster.
This year, for the first time, we used the services of Facet Travel Ltd. of Buxted, who provided us with an excellent tour manager, driver, and hotel. Next year, on the same dates in 1996, the Society, using Facet Travel, will visit the Dordogne, basing the party at Souillac and including visits to Rocamadour and Cahors (Lot Valley). An outward overnight stop will be made at Chartres, and the return overnight stop will be made at Fontainebleau. To reserve a place or for further details, send a S.A.E. to Joy Saynor, Hon. Excursion Secretary.
Kent County Show 1995
Thanks to good weather and enthusiastic crowds, I think we may regard the KAS Exhibition at Detling as a success. In fairness, we must ascribe much of its attraction to William Lord from Diss, who sat patiently for hours flint-knapping to produce some exquisite hand-axes and flint tools, always ready, with his gracious partner to answer questions. Our nine minute KAS video with original music and a good commentary by Peter Draper was much used. Illustrated talks by Margaret Lawrence, Christine Waterman and Elizabeth Melling drew audiences which could be measured by other attractions in the display arenas.
At times we sat looking at each other and then were flooded with people and enquiries. There were some, if rather small sales of KAS goods, books and Shire Publications. A number of new KAS members were recruited. The display by the visual Arts Group was a great source of interest and comment. This was supplemented by the Canterbury Archaeological Trust's panels and books, faithfully presented each day by their members.
The KAS is indebted to Maidstone Museum and Art Gallery for the loan of Roman Coins, pot-sherds, a tegula tile, quern and also Victorian replicas of a great helm, horsehead armour and a great sword.
I had to dredge up some faltering French to explain to a French lady how a pudding-stone quern was used! We welcomed our President, Librarian and Treasurer on one day and also Mr Andrew Moffat and his wife.
I must record the Society's indebtedness to Ian Foreman in particular and to the many other helpers who lightened the load of setting up and dismantling the exhibition after three long days.
We think it was worth the effort!
Library News
Visual Records Group Exhibitions Kent History Federation, Loose History Society, and Cuxton Flower Festival were all excellent venues, and the KAS membership is healthier from displaying at these exhibitions.
By the time you receive your Newsletter, we would have had four other exhibitions, including the Kent County Show and the Edenbridge History Society.
A note for your diary: Thurnham Flower and Harvest Festival on the 23rd and 24th September 1995. Also, there will be an exhibition at Aylesford Priory on 2nd December at our Christmas venue.
May I take this opportunity to thank all those of you who answered our request for photographic collections in the last Newsletter. We will get around to seeing them all in due course. You should all have received a letter of confirmation by now, but if not, it is on its way. Also, to those who showed interest in a KAS photographic club, further details will be sent later (after the County Show) when we will be able to relax a little.
Iain Foreman
Slide Collection, Gift to the KAS
The K.A.S. Visual Records Section has been given the collection of photographic slides which belonged to the late George Henry Kent, 1915 - 1993, via the Lamorbey and Sidcup Local History Society. This consists of some 9,000 slides taken around the South, South-East, and South-West Coast of England.
G. H. Kent was born in Fulham but for the greater part of his youth lived at 'The Limes', Bexleyheath. After a career which included that of a Metallurgist at Vickers Armstrong, Crayford, during the war years, he later went on to become a teacher and taught at Westwood School, Welling, and then at Wilmington until his retirement in 1979.
From his days with the scouts, he became a keen walker and walked many miles around the south coast line of England - hence the large slide collection now with the KAS. Iain Foreman, (Visual Records)
Members Guide to Library Rules
Members are asked to note that before entering our Library, they must sign the book provided at the Museum Reception desk, giving their time of arrival, etc. If so requested by the officer or the keeper on duty, membership cards or another means of identification must be shown. The need for these formalities is regretted, but both past experience of theft (by members!) and the needs of insurers and fire precautions make them essential. Museum staff have been instructed not to admit anyone who, in their view, does not fulfill these criteria, subject to appeal to the Librarian. Cooperation with the Museum has not only always been amicable, but also positive. The staff willingly provide day to day care for our valuable inheritance, and help in all sorts of subtle ways; please take heed of their wishes. Members are reminded that smoking is forbidden in the Library and that material is for reference only. Advance notice to the Librarian may be required for access to some material. The bulk of the manuscript material is held at the Centre for Kentish Studies (01622 671411) Kent County Council Offices. Since we have but one room at present, it must act as a Library, reading and cataloguing room, office and meeting place. Tolerance is therefore essential. Please, in particular, do not move material laid out for rebinding, etc. Occasionally the Library is closed for meetings. These are entered in the Museum diary and a prior call to the desk (01622 754497) may save a wasted journey. The current Museum opening hours are: Mondays to Saturdays 10.00 to 17.30 Sundays 14.00 to 17.00 Most Bank Holidays 11.00 to 17.00 Closed Christmas Day, Boxing or the day following if a Monday. MEMBERS MAY NOT PARK AT THE MUSEUM. Use by members personally and those engaged in work for the Society is increasing. This is to be welcomed, but will require compromise if all are to benefit. If you have any problems or suggestions, please raise them with me in the first instance. Peter Draper, Hon. Librarian Output: Members Guide to Library Rules Members are asked to note that before entering our Library, they must sign the book provided at the Museum Reception desk, giving their time of arrival, etc. If so requested by the officer or the keeper on duty, membership cards or another means of identification must be shown. The need for these formalities is regretted, but both past experience of theft (by members!) and the needs of insurers and fire precautions make them essential. Museum staff have been instructed not to admit anyone who, in their view, does not fulfill these criteria, subject to appeal to the Librarian. Cooperation with the Museum has not only always been amicable, but also positive. The staff willingly provide day to day care for our valuable inheritance, and help in all sorts of subtle ways; please take heed of their wishes. Members are reminded that smoking is forbidden in the Library and that material is for reference only. Advance notice to the Librarian may be required for access to some material. The bulk of the manuscript material is held at the Centre for Kentish Studies (01622 671411) Kent County Council Offices. Since we have but one room at present, it must act as a Library, reading and cataloguing room, office and meeting place. Tolerance is therefore essential. Please, in particular, do not move material laid out for rebinding, etc. Occasionally the Library is closed for meetings. These are entered in the Museum diary and a prior call to the desk (01622 754497) may save a wasted journey. The current Museum opening hours are: Mondays to Saturdays 10.00 to 17.30 Sundays 14.00 to 17.00 Most Bank Holidays 11.00 to 17.00 Closed Christmas Day, Boxing or the day following if a Monday. MEMBERS MAY NOT PARK AT THE MUSEUM. Use by members personally and those engaged in work for the Society is increasing. This is to be welcomed, but will require compromise if all are to benefit. If you have any problems or suggestions, please raise them with me in the first instance. Peter Draper, Hon. Librarian
Letters and Research Requests
For the last four years, I have been researching the history of Tunstall, Kent, seeking to build on the work of Edward Rowe Mores (1780) and Arthur Adair Midwinter (1937). I am still working on the material available at the Centre for Kentish Studies and Canterbury Cathedral Library (I still need a lot more time with the Hales Papers!) and have a few references to follow up in the British Library.
Suggestions as to other sources I should explore would be most welcome, as would any references to Tunstall that members have come across in unlikely places (e.g. Wills, Correspondence, or Diaries). In addition to this general request, can anyone help me with the following:- 1. Are there any living descendants of the Rev. George Bridges Moore, Rector from 1837-1885? Are there any Moore family papers anywhere, or papers (including correspondence) of his son-in-law Archibald Scott Robertson, sometime Secretary of the Society? 2. 'Hales of Kent' by the late Col. Hailes is a Ms. work in the Beaney Library at Canterbury. Sadly it contains no references as to sources consulted. Does anybody know the whereabouts of Col. Hailes' working papers? 3. Gore Court House was a boys' preparatory school in the latter part of the 19th century, and the first decade of this. To date, I only know of one former pupil - 'Bomber' Harris; can anyone supply the names of others, please? 4. Mr. Midwinter's book says Tunstall House was a Young Ladies Boarding School in the 1790s, but I can find no evidence for this. Hasted (Addns. to Vol. VI) says Mr. Whitfield Breton was then living there but his name does not appear in Land Tax records. If this is the Whitfield Breton of Kennardington, does anyone know if he was ever a Schoolmaster, or why he was in Tunstall in the 1790s? 5. Woodruff in 'Canterbury Diocesan Records' said 'Number 1 Register had been transcribed by the Rev. E. Cookson of Ipswich.' Can anyone tell me the whereabouts of this Transcript? 6. 'Funstall used to have a model of the church, in a glass case, as it was before the Victorian restoration (it was mentioned by Iggulsden). About 1949-50 it went to Canterbury on loan for some sort of exhibition. The daughter of the then Rector tells me that despite many requests by her father for its return, it never came back to the parish. Extensive enquiries at the Cathedral and other possible locations in Canterbury have failed to locate even a trace of it. Any suggestions? I will gladly refund postage to anyone who writes on any of the above matters.
Brian Turner
John Adams Map of Cheriton (1828) (Members inquiry)
My inquiry is whether there is another original copy of the John Adams' map of the Parish of Cheriton (1828) other than the one at Folkestone Library. In addition, it seems that the map could have been published with an accompanying key. If that is correct, does the key also still exist and what are the locations of both the map and key, either in public institutions or in private hands.
Currently, I am researching a group of houses on the Esplanade, Sandgate, fronting onto the Channel. These are the houses between Brewers Hill and Prospect Road and the now demolished houses (Killarney and Roxana) on the eastern corner of Prospect Road and between Prospect Road and the Encombe Estate.
In August 1993, when researching at Folkestone Library, I saw a photograph of a segment of this map in the typescript copy of Alexander Todd's complete history 'Encombe, 1824 - 1924'. This segment showed the whole of the Encombe Estate and also all of the seven houses in which I am interested. Each house bears a number indicating that there was a key to these numbers, possibly listing residents or owners of each house. Recent correspondence with the Heritage Officer of Folkestone Library and with the Centre for Kentish Studies has not yet yielded positive results.
In addition to this specific information about the Cheriton Map, I would also be interested if any KAS members have any information on this John Adams. In order to make it easier for readers to communicate with me, letters can be sent to my brother at the following address (thus saving the cost of airmail postage): Mr. Michael Sargeant.
Roman Road at Chart Sutton
The Maidstone Area Archaeological Group were asked by the County Archaeologist to investigate the line of the Roman Road at Chart Sutton between the cutting through the scarp face and Luck Lane.
Drainage installation near Luck Lane end had brought to the work surface disturbing the road metalling. To prevent further drainage, it was decided to locate the road position before deciding the route of the drainage work.
The section investigated consisted of a bridleway running between the two fences 4.5 m apart, the east side also had a hedge with mature trees.
Three sections were cut down to the road surface which was between 50mm and 300mm below the ground level. At many places, the metalling is exposed on the surface of the bridleway.
The road was located at a position varying between 600mm and 1m from the west fence. The road was generally 2.4m wide and its thickness was proved to be 200mm. The northerly section had traces of a red gravel surfacing. No side ditches were encountered although they may have lain outside the fences which were the limit of the excavations.
The line of the road followed the curve of the fence. This curve may be the product of land slippage of the waterlogged Atherfield Clay. This imagination. road is not the tracing of Roman superhighway roads of most peoples' county. We must look for something more modest.
Albert Daniels
John Gardner, Bookbinder
For those members who attended the KAS ACM at Dover on May 20th, 1995 and were able to inspect the exhibition of beautiful book bindings by Mr. John Gardner, the following notes may be of interest. In recent years, there has been a revival of many crafts, not the least of which is bookbinding. While many crafts are well represented by skilled exponents, a good bookbinder is still a comparative rarity. This is probably due to the amount of time and effort required to become proficient in all the skills and techniques required.
With the increasing commercialization of other forms of entertainment, people are rediscovering the pleasure of possessing a collection, however modest, of hand-bound books. The type of book that concerns us here, and the only one deserving the title 'binding', is the volume bound entirely by hand using only the time-honored traditional methods and materials. While mass production certainly has a place in our modern world, there is equally a place for the unique products of craftsmen who follow the traditions of a bygone age when time or lack of it was not one of the major considerations.
Every discerning booklover values 'original condition', but there comes a time in the life of many books when a repair not only becomes desirable but necessary. It is well known that a small tear left unattended soon develops into a large one. There are also many leather bindings that, because they have not received any leather dressing, dry out, especially in the joints. Almost every poor copy is repairable if attended to in time. Complete rebinding should only take place on new books or ones in which the original binding is lost or beyond repair. Repair and restoration should always be considered for old books, in preference to rebinding, because it is a collector's and bookbinder's responsibility to preserve as much of the original condition as possible.
John Gardner has been a bookbinder for all of his working life after a long apprenticeship and training, and during this time, he has amassed a wealth of knowledge and experience which he is now using to good effect in the varied types of binding and repair that his clients require of him. Members with 'problem' books who might be interested in consulting Mr. Gardner can telephone him.
Monumental Brasses in Kent (a correction)
Editor's note - Mr. Philip Lawrence, whose article on brasses appeared in the last issue of the KAS Newsletter, wishes to make the following correction. See: column 1, line 29, 'Nonnington' should be 'Newington - next- Sittingbourne'.
Centre for Kentish Studies, County Hall Maidstone
The Centre will be closed from Tuesday 10th October to Friday 13th October 1995. Opening Hours: Tues, Wed, Fri 9 am to 5 pm. Thurs 10 am to 5 pm. 2nd and 4th Saturday each month 9 am to 1 pm. The microform collection and the reader printer are housed in a separate search room which will close 15 minutes earlier than the main search room.
Financial Affairs
At its most recent meeting, Council felt it was opportune to remind all members occupying positions on Committees or any other working groups that all negotiations and correspondence relating to financial matters must be routed through the Honorary Treasurer. This includes, for example, any consideration of insurances and the opening of any bank accounts or any arrangements to collect or disburse money on behalf of the Society.
B. T. Cousins, Hon Treasurer KAS
Fieldwork Grants
Are you planning an excavation or fieldwork within the county of Kent during 1996? Grants are available to assist with work carried out by Affiliated Societies or individual members. Applications on appropriate form (obtainable from Hon. General Secretary, Andrew Moffat, by 1st October 1995.
The Hon. Editor welcomes all letters articles and communications and would particularly like to receive more research [?]. The Ediior wishes to draw readers' attention to the fact that neither the Council of the KAS, nor the Editor is the answerable course of for opinions [?]. contributors Each may author is express alone in responsible for the contents and substance of their letters items or papers. Material for the next Newsletter should be sent by 1st, November 1995 to Hon. Editor, Nesta Caiger.
Published by the Kent Archaeological Society, The Museum St. Faith's Street, Maidstone, Kent. ME14 1LH.
Printed by Delta Press, Crayford Industrial Estate, Swaisland Drive, Crayford DAl 4HT. Typesetting by Janset 0181-301 2856.
Events, Outings, Lectures
K.A.S. Outing and Day Conferences
Thursday, 14th September 1995. Outing to Royal Marines School of Music, Deal. Members use own transport and should arrive at School of Music at 10.00 am but MOST IMPORTANT: Members who intend to join this outing should write to the School before hand stating their car, make and registration number of their car. Visitors will be escorted round the buildings and after lunch Mr. K. Gravett will take members round Old Deal. Some participants may also wish to visit Deal Castle. Further information from Mrs. Saynor (SAE please) or phone as soon as possible.
Saturday, 7th October 1995. A one-day Conference arranged by the Fieldwork Committee on the theme of LINEAR ARCHAEOLOGY IN KENT, (the Archaeology of Rail, Road and Pipeline) to be held at Wye College, Wye, Ashford, Kent. Lectures include: Planning for Linear Archaeology, by Dr. J. Williams, (Heritage Conservation, KCC) The Channel Tunnel Rail Link and the Cultural Heritage, by Dr. G. Lambrick, (Oxford Arch. Unit) Roads into the Past, by Mr. P. Bennett. (Canterbury Arch. Trust.) Archaeological work on the Urban Section of the A20, Dover by Mr. K. Parfitt, (Canterbury Arch. Trust). Admission by ticket: £8 or £6 to KAS members, or at the door £8. (10.30 am to 16.30pm). Parking facilities at the college.
Saturday, 14th October 1995. CONFERENCE OF BUILDING RECORDERS. This afternoon Conference will be held at The Barn, (north of the Church) at Charing, commencing at 2.30 pm. It is hoped to include contributions on the Norman House at West Malling, Littlebourne Barn and a group of modern listed buildings. Entrance will be £1 to KAS members and £2 to visitors. Tea and biscuits will be available at a small extra charge.
Saturday, 2nd December. KAS CHRISTMAS BUFFET at Aylesford Priory. (See enclosed leaflet).
URGENT REQUEST: LECTURES ORGANISER STILL NEEDED.
KAS members will remember the item in the last Newsletter reporting the retirement of Mr. Don Coast as Lectures Organiser for the KAS. Unfortunately, this post has not yet been filled and the provision of a lectures programme for 1996 has not been possible. Surely there is some member in the large membership of the KAS who would be willing to take on the task? What about a newly retired man or woman seeking a worthwhile project to fill in some of their spare hours, or better still what about a retired (or unretired) married couple taking on the job between them? Would any interested person or persons care to contact Mr. Coast after 18.00 hrs. to learn what the job entails or offer their services directly to the President, Mr. K. Gravett.
Saturday, 23rd September and Sunday, 24th September. KAS Visual Records Group will be exhibiting KAS material at the Thurnham and Harvest Festival celebrations. (See Library News).
MEDWAY AND GILLINGHAM BRANCH OF THE KAS
The M & G Branch of the KAS is the only local branch to have survived the passage of time and the Committee reminds KAS members that they are most welcome to attend all lectures organised by them.
Meetings are held on Tuesday evenings at the Guildhall Museum. Doors open at 7.00 pm for a 7.30 start.
Tuesday, 17th October 1995. Talk on Excavations at Sutton Hoo by John Newman, Field Officer for Suffolk County Council.
Tuesday, 6th February 1996. Adventures Whilst Researching the History of Gillingham, by Ron Baldwin.
KENT HISTORY SEMINARS Saturday, 16th September 1995. Earning a Crust: The Labour Scene in 18th and 19th Century Kent, by Dr. Rodney Dobson and Dr. Shirley Black.
Saturday, 28th October. From Road to Rail: Turnpike Roads and the Coming of the Railways, by Dr. Frank Andrews and Dr. Shirley Black.
Saturday, 25th November. The Kentish Hop Industry by Margaret Lawrence and Peter Leach.
Please phone Dr. Shirley Black for further details.
ADULT EDUCATION COURSES IN KENT
Monday Evenings. Prehistoric Society at Sittingbourne Adult Education Centre. Contact: WEA Head Office, 4 Castle Hill, Rochester (01634 842140).
Tuesday Evenings. Introduction to Archaeology at Eastgate Adult Education Centre, Rochester. Contact: Head of Centre, (01634 845359).
Wednesday Evenings. GCSE Archaeology at Canterbury College, New Dover Road, Canterbury. Contact: Wyn Jones.
Thursday Evenings. Hillfort to Castle, at Gravesend Adult Centre, Contact: WEA Head Office, 4 Castle Hill, Rochester (01634 842140).
Friday Evenings. Certificate in Local Archaeology, at Christ Church College, North Holmes Road, Canterbury CT1 1QU. Contact: Admissions Office (01227 767700).
Day Course. CC£ A Level Archaeology, at Canterbury College, New Dover Road, Canterbury. Contact: Wyn Jones.
Saturday, 16th and Sunday, 17th September 1995. EXCAVATIONS AT SCADBURY MOATED MANOR, OPEN DAYS. This medieval moated manor site at Chislehurst will be open to the public on the above days. Members of Orpington & District Arch. Society (ODAS) will give guided tours, showing the work that is currently being done on the site as well as the remains of the foundations of the buildings associated with the Walsingham family.
Unlike many similar moated sites the island is still surrounded by water. Guided tours will be given at 15 minute intervals throughout both afternoons, the first at 2.00 pm, the last at 4.00 pm. There will also be a slide show, refreshments and a bookstall. Admission is free. Limited car parking is available close to the site but by ticket only. Application to be made (SAE please) to Mr. M. Meekums.
Saturday, 14th October 1995. MAIDSTONE PAROCHIAL LIBRARY TRUST, are holding a Day - Conference on Parochial Libraries (with special reference to Kent and S.E. England) at County Hall, Maidstone. 10.30 am to 5.00 pm. Further details from Dr. Nigel Yates, Centre for Kentish Studies, County Hall, Maidstone ME14 1XQ.
An Exhibition on Maidstone Parochial Library will be held in the Exhibition Gallery at County Hall from Monday, 9th October to Friday, 20th October. Open daily (excluding Sunday) 10.30 am to 5.00 pm.
Saturday, 11th November 1995. COUNCIL FOR KENTISH ARCHAEOLOGY, Annual Archaeology Conference. This afternoon Conference will be held at Christchurch College, Canterbury, from 2.15 pm to 5.30 pm. Illustrated lectures will include, Excavations at St. Nicholas Church, Sevenoaks, by David Miles (OAU) Iron Age and Romano British Sites, Gravesend, by Brian Philp. (KARU) Roads into the Past - Excavations along the line of the new Thanet Way, by Paul Bennett. (CAT) Tickets: Price £2 from CKA, 5 Harvest Bank Road, West Wickham, Kent BR4 9DL. (SAE please) Friends of the CKA please send to above address forfree pass. Saturday, 28th, October 1995. C.B.A. (South East) AUTUMN CONFERENCE. This will take place at the Harry Preston Room, Royal Albion Hotel, Old Steine, Brighton, Sussex. (10.00 am to 5.00 pm) The Iheme is MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGY and the programme will include an optional walking tour of Brighton's Maritime Heritage, followed by lectures on Arc/111eology 011 the Coast, by Martin Brown. Archaeology Beyond the Fringe, by Chris Underwood. Maritime Archaeology on the Tlmmes and Medway, by Gustave Milne. Admission by ticket: £6 for CBA. S. E. members, £7.50 for others bookable in advance from Delia Lindsay. (SAE please).
EXHIBITIONS etc.
<4>CROFTON ROMAN VILLA, ORPCNGTON
is open to the public until 29th, October 1995. The Crofton Villa Estate, dating from about AD 100-400 originally housed a landowners' family and servants. It consisted of a main house, adjacent barns and outbuildings, surrounded by a field system of arable land, pasture and woodland. The remains of several rooms of a modest Roman Villa House, five with underfloor heating systems, may be viewed (within a modern cover building) on Wednesdays, Fridays and Bank Holidays 10.00 am to 1.00 pm and 2.00 pm to 5.00 pm. Sundays 2.00 pm to 5.00 pm. Adults: 60p. Children and OAPs 30p. There are graphic displays, a finds 'touch' table and a taped commentary. Parking nearby. Parties from schools, societies and local groups welcome. Bookings for normal opening days, KARU. (0181 462 4737) for other days, Bromley Museum (01689 873826).
THE RESTORATION OF WESTMINSTER ABBEY
This exhibition at St. Margaret's Church (next to Westminster Abbey) will run until 30th, September 1995 and illustrates the changes which have taken place over nine centuries of its existence. It includes the opportunity to vis.it the Works Compound to see the current restoration in its final stages and go by lift to the roof of the Henry Vil Chapel. Furti1er details from St. Margaret's Church. Tel: 0171 222 6382.
New Opportunities For Part Time Study
Many hundreds, indeed probably thousands, of people have studied part-time in recent years on archaeology and history courses organized by the School of Continuing Education at the University of Kent. These courses have been held at many locations around Kent and often have been run locally in association with either the Kent Adult Education Service or the Workers' Education Association.
The School of Continuing Education, in common with all other university adult education departments, is now able to offer academic credit for those country-wide courses which can be counted towards a higher education qualification. It will still be possible for anyone to join and to follow the courses simply for interest and pleasure, but those who wish will be able to have their learning assessed and hence earn credit towards the University's Certificate in Combined Studies.
Certificate and Diploma programs focused specifically on historical and archaeological studies now figure prominently in the School's activities at its bases at Canterbury and Tonbridge. These require study over two years on a part-time basis, usually one, two-hour meeting a week supported by directed private study. Those who can demonstrate that they have the interest and aptitude to study at this level can join but this does not mean that formal examination qualifications are an entry requirement.
It is now possible to take a Certificate in Archaeological Studies which is devoted to learning about the character of the archaeological process in the context of themes drawn from British archaeology followed by a two-year Diploma in Archaeological Studies which extends perspectives to Europe and the Mediterranean.
A Certificate in the Theory and Practice of Local History introduces a range of sources and techniques available for investigating regional history based largely on material drawn from Kent. The Diploma in Kentish History extends critical understanding of important aspects of the County's history.
The Diploma in Independent Studies offers an opportunity for those who wish to progress their studies still further, even to degree level. The Diploma provides a framework within which students can acquire the skills to undertake in-depth studies on topics of particular personal interest negotiated with an academic subject specialist. Archaeological and historical themes will provide very suitable topics for this diploma.
Related programs of part-time study include a Certificate in Classical Studies and the Diploma in the History, Design, and Management of Gardens.
Programs starting in October 1995:
Certificate in Archaeological Studies, at Tonbridge
Diploma in Archaeological Studies, at Tonbridge
Certificate in the Theory and Practice of Local History, at Canterbury. For further information contact: School of Continuing Education University of Kent Canterbury CT2 7NX Tel: 01227 823507
Anthony Ward, MA Ph.D.
Deputy Director, Academic Affairs
Books
VAGRANTS, GYPSIES AND 'TRAVELLERS' IN KENT. 1572-1948. by Miss G. Rickard, B.A. (our member) is the third book in her series on Kent Settlement Records. This volume runs to form a history of vagrants, gypsies, travellers and strangers in the pre-1974 county of Kent, based on the author's extensive research in Kent records. There are chapters on laws against vagrants, various aspects covering such topics as origins, gender and age, a chapter on gypsies and finally one about the sort of lives vagrants and travellers led. The history is followed by a catalogue of Kent records sources, comprising a gazetteer listing all loose documents in parish collections, followed by a listing of other sources of information held both inside and outside Kent. The whereabouts of all sources is detailed together with Archive references. This work will prove to be indispensable to anyone interested in the subject of travellers and in the history of Kent in general. Paperback, 88 pp. Price £5.00 (£5.50 incl. P & P inland) may be obtained from Miss G. Rickard, 20 Grove Terrace, Canterbury, Kent CT1 3SZ.
UNDERRIVER, SAMUEL PALMER'S GOLDEN VALLEY. by Griselda Barton and Michael Tong, (to be published in August/September 1995).
Samuel Palmer was one of England's greatest landscape painters who came from London to live and work in the Kentish village of Shoreham. Through his artistic perception Shoreham was to have immortality bestowed upon it as 'The Valley of Vision'. Palmer often walked at night to the distant hills where he could watch the sun rise over his 'Golden Valley' the hamlet of Underriver.
The book, due for publication in August or September 1995, will retail at £8.95 and contain fifteen Palmer paintings and drawings, including twelve in full colour which have not been published before. Advance copies may be ordered from: Froglets Publications, Brasted Chart, Westerham, Kent TN16 1LY. Tel: 01959 562972.
EXCAVATIONS IN THE MARLOWE CAR PARK AND SURROUNDING AREAS. Published by the Canterbury Trust.
This is a boxed set of two hardback volumes. 1343 pages, 580 figures, 163 plates and a wallet with 30 outsize figures. May be obtained from all good booksellers and from the Canterbury Archaeological Trust Ltd. 92a Broad Street, Canterbury, Kent CT1 2LU. Price £60 (plus £7.50 P & P) Friends of the Canterbury Archaeological Trust and members of the Kent Archaeological Society may obtain a copy for £45 (plus £7.50 P & P).
KENT CHURCHES by John Vigar. Obtainable from the author, J. E. Vigar, Price £8.99 (includes P & P).
THE ROMAN SITE AT FORDCROFT, ORPINGTON, by Brian Philp and Peter Keller. The detailed excavation of a site at Poverest Road, and a consideration of the Roman Villa Settlement in the Fordcroft - Kent Road area. 44 pages with drawings and photographs. (No. 8 in the Kent Special Subject series) Price: £4 (plus 20% P & P.) from KARU.
THE IRON AGE AND ROMANO-BRITISH SITE AT LENHAM, KENT. by Brian Philp. The discovery and excavation of an extensive working Farmstead site at Runhams Farm. 7 pages with drawings and photographs. (No. 7 in the Kent Special Subject Series.) Price: £4 (plus 20% P & P) from KARU as above.
THE CANTERBURY AREA. This book was published as a supplement to the Royal Archaeological Institute Journal No. 151. It contains chapters contributed by several KAS members who spoke at the meeting of the RAJ which was held in Canterbury in 1994.
Distributed with the annual Journal to RAJ members, there may be copies available for the individual inquirer to the Assistant Secretary, RAI, c/o Society of Antiquaries, Burlington House, Piccadilly W1V 0HS.
THESAURUS OF MONUMENT TYPES. Published by RCHME and English Heritage, 360 pp. £20. Obtainable from RCHME Publications, NMRC, Kemble Drive, Swindon SN2 2GZ. (Tel: 01793 414618).
20th CENTURY DEFENCES IN BRITAIN, An Introductory Guide. This illustrated practical handbook (No. 12 in the C.B.A. Practical Handbook in Archaeology Series) provides an introductory guide to the recognition and interpretation of Britain's wartime archaeology. Price: £6 (plus 50p P & P per copy) it may be obtained from C.B.A. 111 Walmgate, York YO1 2UA. Tel: 01904 671417.
ANCIENT INVENTIONS by Peter James and Nick Thorpe. This splendid book contains a mass of material about scientific, technological and practical know-how in the remote past. Chapters headings and contents include Medicine: eye operations, plastic surgery and brain surgery. Transportation: map-making; odometers and the compass. High Technology etc. etc. Published by Michael O'Mara. Price £25.
VIDEOS
TIME CAPSULES II (duration 53 minutes) This video, second in the series, of Kent Churches which are in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust, is now available. Like its predecessor, it is an informal exploration of our member Dr. Andrew Ashbee, Rev. James Tipp, Rector of Snodland, and Roy Tricker, Field Officer for the Trust, this time of five churches in East Kent: St. Mary, Capel-le-Fern; St. Peter, Sandwich; St. Mary, Sandwich; All Saints, West Stourmouth; and St. Clement, Knowlton.
Price: £14.99 (Plus £1.50 P & P) from Capricorn Productions, Delta House, 11-13 Albion Place, Maidstone, Kent ME14 SOY (01622 691431). It can also be obtained through W. H. Smith.
ON TOP OF THE WEALD (duration 60 minutes)
This programme concentrates on the region of Kent and East Sussex. From castles and Kings to the Cinque Ports and smugglers, orchards and abbeys, weaving and windmills this video illuminates the region's evolution and history. Price: £11.99 (Plus £1.50 P & P) from Capricorn Productions. (see above)
DISCOVERING HISTORIC MAIDSTONE (duration 38 minutes) Updated version for 1995. A fascinating sweep of the town's past from Norman times to the present day. Price £11.99 (Plus £1.50 P & P) from Capricorn Productions (see above).
